Giotto
Medieval fresco pioneer
Giotto di Bondone was an Italian painter and architect of the late 13th and early 14th centuries, widely considered the father of Western painting.
His frescoes in the Arena Chapel in Padua broke from the flat, stylized Byzantine tradition, introducing naturalistic emotion, spatial depth, and human weight to figures.
Giotto revolutionized art before the Renaissance even began.
Wet plaster painting technique
- FlorentineOf a Renaissance city
- PaduaItalian city in Veneto
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
- ByzantineOf Constantinople's civilization
Madonna · campanile · gesso · tempera · altarpiece · panel · goldleaf · halos
European cultural reawakening
- BrunelleschiFlorentine Renaissance master builder
- DanteItalian epic poet
- innovationCreating something original
- realismAccepting things as they are
emotion · spatial · depth · volume · narrative · monumentality · illusionism · reform
fresco
Wet plaster painting technique
- FlorentineOf a Renaissance city
- PaduaItalian city in Veneto
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
Byzantine · Madonna · campanile · gesso · tempera · altarpiece · panel · goldleaf · halos · drapery
Renaissance
European cultural reawakening
- BrunelleschiFlorentine Renaissance master builder
- DanteItalian epic poet
- innovationCreating something original
realism · emotion · spatial · depth · volume · narrative · monumentality · illusionism · reform · breakthrough
comet
Icy orbiting body
- HalleyAstronomer's surname, comet fame
- ESAContinental space organization
- flybyClose pass without landing
probe · nucleus · coma · dust · ion · camera · 1986 · interplanetary · trajectory · encounter
- Medieval ArtistsHieronymus Bosch, Andrei Rublev, illuminator, miniaturist
- Italian HeritageRome, Florence, Venice, Vatican, Tuscany
- ItalyRome, Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples
- paintersBotticelli, Caravaggio, Cezanne, Da Vinci, Dali
- RenaissanceLeonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, Mona Lisa
- Renaissance artMichelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian