thin film deposition
Microscopic layer application
Thin film deposition is a manufacturing process that applies extremely thin layers of material—often just nanometers thick—onto a surface.
The technique is fundamental to semiconductor fabrication, optical coatings, and solar panels.
Methods include sputtering, evaporation, and chemical vapor deposition, each suited to different materials and applications: The chip's transistors are built up through successive thin film depositions.
- solar cellsLight-to-electricity converters
- semiconductor fabricationManufacturing integrated circuits
- adsorptionAccumulation on a surface
- nucleationInitial cluster formation
- evaporationLiquid turning to gas
microelectronics · oxides · substrate · superconductors · sputtering · carbides · medical implants · graphene · organic compounds · vacuum systems · crystallization · sensors · diffusion · magnetron · thickness · plasma · chemical reactions · layer
- Chipmakingphotolithography, lithography, etching, clean room, cleanroom
- nanotechnologynanoparticles, carbon nanotube, nanobots, carbon nanotubes, nanorobots
- metal coatingschrome plating, nickel plating, copper plating, silver plating, electroplating
- vacuum processesvacuum sealing, vacuum distillation, vacuum forming, degassing, outgassing
thin film depositionetching
Acid-incised metal print
ablation · stripping · dissolution · grinding · polishing
thin film depositionelectroplating
Electrically depositing metal layers
powder coating · painting · galvanizing · paint application · cladding