secularisms
Rejections of religion
Secularisms is the plural of secularism, the principle that religious institutions should be separate from government and public affairs.
Different secularisms exist because the concept takes varied forms across cultures and political systems—French laïcité differs markedly from American separation of church and state, for instance.
The plural acknowledges these distinct traditions and philosophies rather than treating secularism as a single, uniform doctrine.
Reason as knowledge source
- humanismPhilosophy prioritizing earthly reason
- materialismPrioritizing goods over spirit
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
- atheismRejection of deities
agnosticism · freethought · enlightenment · positivism · skepticism · nontheism · worldview · empiricism
State of being apart
- state-churchGovernment-sanctioned religious institution
- disestablishmentWithdrawal of official status
- constitutionalHealth-promoting walk
- governanceHow authority is exercised
neutrality · pluralism · policy · legislation · Atatürk · republic · civic · institutional
Person from either continent
- TurkishOf Anatolia's republic
- FrenchOf or from Paris's nation
- EuropeanFrom that continent
- WesternOf Euro-American civilization
American · global · multicultural · postcolonial · contextual · comparative · plural · inclusive
Strict adherence to core tenets
- revivalismMovement rekindling religious passion
- backlashStrong negative reaction
- resistanceCapacity to withstand force
- accommodationShelter or housing provided
tension · dialogue · coexistence · critique · challenge · threat · erosion · decline
rationalism
Reason as knowledge source
- humanismPhilosophy prioritizing earthly reason
- materialismPrioritizing goods over spirit
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
atheism · agnosticism · freethought · enlightenment · positivism · skepticism · nontheism · worldview · empiricism · irreligion
separation
State of being apart
- state-churchGovernment-sanctioned religious institution
- disestablishmentWithdrawal of official status
- constitutionalHealth-promoting walk
governance · neutrality · pluralism · policy · legislation · Atatürk · republic · civic · institutional · government
Indian
Person from either continent
Western · American · global · multicultural · postcolonial · contextual · comparative · plural · inclusive · assertive
fundamentalism
Strict adherence to core tenets
- revivalismMovement rekindling religious passion
- backlashStrong negative reaction
- resistanceCapacity to withstand force
accommodation · tension · dialogue · coexistence · critique · challenge · threat · erosion · decline · faith
theory
Explanatory set of principles
- discourseFormal communication on subjects
- studiesLearns through examination
- scholarshipEducational funding or erudition
critique · debate · sociology · anthropology · Casanova · Taylor · analysis · framework · paradigm · literature
secularismstheocracies
States ruled by clergy
theocracy · religious nationalism · clericalism · Islamism · hierocracy
secularismsreligiosity
Devotion to faith
spiritualism · theism · religious devotion · piety · supernaturalism