nontheism
Without deity belief
Nontheism is the absence of belief in gods or deities, or a worldview that doesn't include theistic elements.
The term is broader and more neutral than atheism, encompassing agnosticism, secular humanism, and religious traditions like certain forms of Buddhism that don't center on god-belief: Her nontheism wasn't hostile to religion—she simply found the question of God's existence irrelevant.
Doubt about divine existence
- humanismPhilosophy prioritizing earthly reason
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
- secularismSeparation of faith, state
- freethoughtReason-based belief formation
materialism · rationalism · empiricism · existentialism · nihilism · positivism · physicalism · objectivism
Lack of firm belief
- questioningSeeking answers through inquiry
- uncertaintyState of being unsure
- skepticismDisposition toward doubt
- inquiryRequest for information
critical thinking · examination · investigation · open-mindedness · evidence · reason · logic · analysis
Philosophy prioritizing earthly reason
- moral philosophyStudy of right conduct
- utilitarianismGreatest-happiness moral theory
- consequentialismEthics judging by results
- human dignityIntrinsic worth of persons
social contract · enlightenment · human rights · pragmatism · compassion · altruism
Species changing over generations
- DarwinismNatural selection theory
- cosmologyStudy of universal structure
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
- empiricalBased on observation, not theory
scientific method · evidence-based · observable · testable · falsifiability · abiogenesis · Big Bang · natural selection
Spirits inhabit all things
- spiritualismCommunion with the deceased
- mysticismPursuit of divine union
- religionSystem of spiritual belief
- faithTrust without proof
belief · supernaturalism · transcendentalism · creationism · theology
agnosticism
Doubt about divine existence
- humanismPhilosophy prioritizing earthly reason
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
- secularismSeparation of faith, state
freethought · materialism · rationalism · empiricism · existentialism · nihilism · positivism · physicalism · objectivism · skepticism
doubt
Lack of firm belief
- questioningSeeking answers through inquiry
- uncertaintyState of being unsure
- skepticismDisposition toward doubt
inquiry · critical thinking · examination · investigation · open-mindedness · evidence · reason · logic · analysis · scrutiny
humanism
Philosophy prioritizing earthly reason
- moral philosophyStudy of right conduct
- utilitarianismGreatest-happiness moral theory
- consequentialismEthics judging by results
human dignity · social contract · enlightenment · human rights · pragmatism · compassion · altruism
evolution
Species changing over generations
- DarwinismNatural selection theory
- cosmologyStudy of universal structure
- naturalismWorldview excluding the supernatural
empirical · scientific method · evidence-based · observable · testable · falsifiability · abiogenesis · Big Bang · natural selection · scientific skepticism
animism
Spirits inhabit all things
- spiritualismCommunion with the deceased
- mysticismPursuit of divine union
- religionSystem of spiritual belief
faith · belief · supernaturalism · transcendentalism · creationism · theology
nontheismtheism
Belief in deity
belief in God · monotheism · polytheism · deism · supernaturalism
nontheismworship
Religious reverence and praise
piety · faith · religiosity · devoutness · prayer