frost line
Ground freezing boundary
The frost line is the maximum depth at which groundwater freezes in soil during winter.
Building codes require foundations and water pipes to extend below the frost line to prevent damage from freezing and thawing: In Minnesota, footings must be set at least 42 inches deep to get below the frost line.
The depth varies by climate—shallow in mild regions, several feet in northern latitudes.
Underlying support structure
- footingSecure ground position
- excavationAct of unearthing
- building codeRegulations governing structure erection
- depthDistance below surface
soil temperature · freeze-thaw · basement · footer · concrete · insulation · drainage · underground
Soil solidified by cold
- tundraFrigid treeless biome
- cryosphereEarth's frozen water systems
- climate changePlanetary atmospheric transformation
- arcticOf extreme northern cold
Ability to endure adversity
- overwinteringEnduring the cold months
- mulchingCovering soil protectively
- cold frameUnheated outdoor plant enclosure
- growing seasonTime crops can mature
perennials · bulbs · soil temperature · transplanting · spring planting · tender plants · microclimate · raised bed
Gas cloud forming stars
- planet formationProcess creating worlds from dust
- water iceFrozen flavored dessert
- methaneSimplest alkane fuel
- ammoniaAcrid nitrogen-hydrogen gas
carbon dioxide · planetesimal · accretion · Kuiper belt · Oort cloud · comets · sublimation · condensation
foundation
Underlying support structure
- footingSecure ground position
- excavationAct of unearthing
- building codeRegulations governing structure erection
depth · soil temperature · freeze-thaw · basement · footer · concrete · insulation · drainage · underground · plumbing
frozen ground
Soil solidified by cold
- tundraFrigid treeless biome
- cryosphereEarth's frozen water systems
- climate changePlanetary atmospheric transformation
thaw depth · arctic · subarctic · boreal
hardiness
Ability to endure adversity
- overwinteringEnduring the cold months
- mulchingCovering soil protectively
- cold frameUnheated outdoor plant enclosure
growing season · perennials · bulbs · soil temperature · transplanting · spring planting · tender plants · microclimate · raised bed · winterizing
solar nebula
Gas cloud forming stars
- planet formationProcess creating worlds from dust
- water iceFrozen flavored dessert
- methaneSimplest alkane fuel
ammonia · carbon dioxide · planetesimal · accretion · Kuiper belt · Oort cloud · comets · sublimation · condensation · gas giants
- winter weatherblizzards, blizzard, snow, snowstorm, snowstorms
- Mountain Climatehigh altitude, thin air, altitude, snowfall, temperature extremes
- plant hardinesshardiness zones, cold hardiness, cold-hardy, hardy plants, growing zone
- soil temperaturefrozen ground
- Frosthoarfrost, rime, frozen dew, ice crystals
- snowy placessnowfields, igloo, snowbelt, snowbelts, ski lodge
line, frost, frosty, frosted, defrost, frostbite, frosts, frostiness, defrosting