chemical messenger
Body's internal telegram
A chemical messenger is a molecule that transmits signals between cells or organs in a living organism.
Hormones, neurotransmitters, and pheromones are all chemical messengers—released by one cell to trigger a response in another.
Insulin acts as a chemical messenger, telling cells to absorb glucose from the blood.
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- cortisolAdrenal steroid regulating stress
- estrogenFemale reproductive hormone
- testosteroneChief male sex hormone
- adrenalineEmergency response hormone
thyroxine · melatonin · oxytocin · progesterone · glucagon · leptin · ghrelin · vasopressin
Nerve signal crossing point
- dopamineReward-linked neural messenger
- serotoninMood-regulating brain chemical
- acetylcholineNeurotransmitter for muscles and memory
- glutamateExcitatory neural transmitter
GABA · norepinephrine · epinephrine · receptor · axon · dendrite · vesicle · reuptake
Signal-receiving molecule
- bindingLegally or morally required
- cascadeSuccessive downward flow
- transductionSignal or energy transformation
- ligandMolecule that binds centrally
phosphorylation · activation · inhibition · feedback · intercellular · membrane · specificity · amplification
insulin
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- cortisolAdrenal steroid regulating stress
- estrogenFemale reproductive hormone
- testosteroneChief male sex hormone
adrenaline · thyroxine · melatonin · oxytocin · progesterone · glucagon · leptin · ghrelin · vasopressin · androgen
synapse
Nerve signal crossing point
- dopamineReward-linked neural messenger
- serotoninMood-regulating brain chemical
- acetylcholineNeurotransmitter for muscles and memory
glutamate · GABA · norepinephrine · epinephrine · receptor · axon · dendrite · vesicle · reuptake · presynaptic
receptor
Signal-receiving molecule
- bindingLegally or morally required
- cascadeSuccessive downward flow
- transductionSignal or energy transformation
ligand · phosphorylation · activation · inhibition · feedback · intercellular · membrane · specificity · amplification · response
chemical messengernerve impulse
Electrical signal through neurons
electrical signal · action potential · neural impulse · electrical impulse · electrical transmission
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