Permian
Pangaea's final period
Permian refers to a geological period lasting from roughly 299 to 252 million years ago, the final period of the Paleozoic Era.
It ended with the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, when perhaps 90% of species died out.
The name comes from the Perm region of Russia, where rocks from this period were first studied.
Permian fossils, Permian basin.
In oil and gas contexts, the Permian Basin is a major petroleum-producing region in West Texas and New Mexico.
Sail-backed Permian synapsid
- amphibiansVertebrates with aquatic larvae
- reptilesCold-blooded scaly vertebrates
- trilobitesExtinct marine arthropods
- brachiopodsStalked marine filter feeders
Prehistoric unified landmass
- GondwanaAncient southern supercontinent
- supercontinentCombined planetary landmass
- TethysGreek sea titaness
- tectonicsStudy of crustal deformation
orogeny · sedimentary · strata · basins · deposition · paleogeography · evaporites · limestone
Early complex-life epoch
- CarboniferousCoal-depositing geological period
- geochronologyStudy of geological ages
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- radiometricMeasuring by radiation
Large-scale species elimination
- volcanismSubterranean magma expulsion process
- anoxiaAbsence of oxygen supply
- acidificationIncrease in hydrogen ions
- biodiversity lossReduction in species variety
Second-largest American state
- oilSlippery viscous fluid
- natural gasSubterranean hydrocarbon fuel
- petroleumNatural underground hydrocarbon liquid
- drillingHole-making by rotation
shale · hydrocarbons · reservoirs · exploration · production · energy · West Texas
Dimetrodon
Sail-backed Permian synapsid
- amphibiansVertebrates with aquatic larvae
- reptilesCold-blooded scaly vertebrates
- trilobitesExtinct marine arthropods
brachiopods · conifers · paleontology · fossils · paleobiology
Pangaea
Prehistoric unified landmass
- GondwanaAncient southern supercontinent
- supercontinentCombined planetary landmass
- TethysGreek sea titaness
tectonics · orogeny · sedimentary · strata · basins · deposition · paleogeography · evaporites · limestone · dolomite
Paleozoic
Early complex-life epoch
- CarboniferousCoal-depositing geological period
- geochronologyStudy of geological ages
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
mass extinction
Large-scale species elimination
- volcanismSubterranean magma expulsion process
- anoxiaAbsence of oxygen supply
- acidificationIncrease in hydrogen ions
biodiversity loss · recovery · survivors · greenhouse · catastrophe
Texas
Second-largest American state
- oilSlippery viscous fluid
- natural gasSubterranean hydrocarbon fuel
- petroleumNatural underground hydrocarbon liquid
drilling · shale · hydrocarbons · reservoirs · exploration · production · energy · West Texas
PermianQuaternary
Last 2.6 million years
Holocene · Cambrian · Precambrian · Archean · Pleistocene
PermianMesozoic
Age of Reptiles
Triassic · Cenozoic · Jurassic · Cretaceous · modern era
- Permian extinctionDeadliest extinction event ever