Islamophobia
Hatred toward Muslims
Islamophobia is fear, hatred, or prejudice directed at Muslims or Islam.
The term emerged in the late twentieth century to name hostility ranging from personal bigotry to institutional discrimination: Islamophobia spiked after the 9/11 attacks.
Critics argue the word conflates legitimate criticism of Islamic doctrine with anti-Muslim bigotry, while supporters maintain it usefully identifies a distinct form of prejudice.
Intolerance toward differing views
- racismPrejudice based on ethnicity
- xenophobiaHatred of outsiders
- hate crimeOffense motivated by prejudice
- profilingCharacterizing by patterns
scapegoating · marginalization · exclusion · ostracism · vilification · demonization · dehumanization · othering
Persistent apprehensive distress
- paranoiaIrrational persecution fears
- suspicionSense of unease about motives
- apprehensionNervous anticipation of trouble
- hysteriaUncontrollable emotional excess
alarm · panic · dread · unease · distrust · security theater · surveillance · counterterrorism
Incorrect assumptions held true
- generalizationsBroad conclusions from specifics
- profilingCharacterizing by patterns
- media portrayalHow outlets depict subjects
- fearmongeringDeliberately spreading exaggerated threats
misinformation · caricature · tropes · conflation · radicalization · terrorism · extremism · fundamentalism
Prohibition on journeys
- Muslim banImmigration restriction targeting Islamic nations
- surveillanceSystematic observation of subjects
- counterterrorismCombating organized political violence
- profilingCharacterizing by patterns
detention · deportation · no-fly list · securitization · legislation · executive order · vetting · border control
Adherents of Islam
- mosquesMuslim houses of worship
- hijabMuslim woman's headscarf
- niqabVeil concealing the face
- headscarfCloth worn over hair
beard · Arab · Middle Eastern · women · immigrants · refugees · communities · congregations
bigotry
Intolerance toward differing views
- racismPrejudice based on ethnicity
- xenophobiaHatred of outsiders
- hate crimeOffense motivated by prejudice
profiling · scapegoating · marginalization · exclusion · ostracism · vilification · demonization · dehumanization · othering · targeting
anxiety
Persistent apprehensive distress
- paranoiaIrrational persecution fears
- suspicionSense of unease about motives
- apprehensionNervous anticipation of trouble
hysteria · alarm · panic · dread · unease · distrust · security theater · surveillance · counterterrorism · moral panic
misconceptions
Incorrect assumptions held true
- generalizationsBroad conclusions from specifics
- profilingCharacterizing by patterns
- media portrayalHow outlets depict subjects
fearmongering · misinformation · caricature · tropes · conflation · radicalization · terrorism · extremism · fundamentalism · jihadism
travel ban
Prohibition on journeys
- Muslim banImmigration restriction targeting Islamic nations
- surveillanceSystematic observation of subjects
- counterterrorismCombating organized political violence
profiling · detention · deportation · no-fly list · securitization · legislation · executive order · vetting · border control · immigration restriction
Muslims
Adherents of Islam
headscarf · beard · Arab · Middle Eastern · women · immigrants · refugees · communities · congregations
- social issuesinequality, racism, poverty, illiteracy, homelessness
- IslamAllah, Quran, Muhammad, Mecca, Ramadan
- American Islammosque, hijab, halal, Ramadan, Eid
- Prejudiceprejudice, bigotry, intolerance, racism, sexism
- hate crimeshate crime, racial attack, antisemitic attack, hate groups, racial violence
- cross-culturalcultural clashes, cross-cultural romance, cultural adaptation, cultural hybridity, hybrid identity
Islamophobiareligious tolerance
Acceptance of differing faiths
religious pluralism · multiculturalism · inclusivity · cosmopolitanism · open-mindedness