volcanic formations
Magma-sculpted geological features
Volcanic formations are geological features created by volcanic activity—the eruption, flow, and cooling of magma and lava.
These include cones built from accumulated erupted material, calderas formed when volcanoes collapse, lava tubes left behind by flowing molten rock, and solidified lava fields.
The Hawaiian islands showcase dramatic volcanic formations.
The term covers both active volcanic landscapes and ancient structures shaped by eruptions millions of years ago.
- cinder coneSteep volcanic debris hill
- calderaCollapsed volcanic summit basin
- flowUnbroken forward movement
- lava domeSteep-sided volcanic mound
- ashCombustion's powdery remains
lava flow · xenolith · stratovolcano · fumarole · lava tube · vent · tuff · scoria · dike · cone · plume · molten · pyroclastic · obsidian · hotspot · sulfur · eruption · shield
volcanic formationssedimentary rock
Layered geological formation
sedimentary rocks · limestone formations · sandstone formations · coral reefs · glacial deposits
volcanic formationsice formations
Solidified water taking shape
glacial valleys · ice caves · river canyons · fjords · ice sheets