noradrenaline
Fight-or-flight chemical
Noradrenaline is a hormone and neurotransmitter that prepares the body for action during stress.
Released by the adrenal glands and nerve endings, it increases heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness—part of the fight-or-flight response.
Also called norepinephrine, particularly in American medical usage.
Tyrosine-derived signaling molecule
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- dopamineReward-linked neural messenger
- tyrosineProtein-building amino acid
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
monoamine · synapse · vesicles · reuptake · receptor · adrenergic · transporter · metabolite
Focused mental awareness
- focusConcentrated attention point
- alertnessActive mental awareness
- memoryMind's retention capacity
- concentrationSustained single-minded attention
arousal · wakefulness · motivation · learning · vigilance
Arterial walls contracting inward
- autonomicSelf-regulating without awareness
- cardiovascularOf heart and blood vessels
- arousalStirring to heightened state
- alertnessActive mental awareness
wakefulness · vigilance · bronchodilation · metabolism · thermoregulation · sweating · tremor · palpitations
Cardiac rhythm medication
- alpha-blockerMedication relaxing vascular muscles
- SNRIPsychiatric medication class
- antidepressantDrug treating persistent despair
- agonistReceptor-binding trigger molecule
antagonist · decongestant · stimulant · amphetamine · clonidine · drug · dosage · infusion
Persistent apprehensive distress
- panicUncontrollable sudden fear
- tensionStretched or strained state
- fearEmotional response to threat
- alarmUrgent warning signal
agitation · nervousness · hyperarousal · startle · cortisol · trauma · PTSD · hypervigilance
catecholamine
Tyrosine-derived signaling molecule
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- dopamineReward-linked neural messenger
- tyrosineProtein-building amino acid
biosynthesis · monoamine · synapse · vesicles · reuptake · receptor · adrenergic · transporter · metabolite · precursor
attention
Focused mental awareness
concentration · arousal · wakefulness · motivation · learning · vigilance
vasoconstriction
Arterial walls contracting inward
- autonomicSelf-regulating without awareness
- cardiovascularOf heart and blood vessels
- arousalStirring to heightened state
alertness · wakefulness · vigilance · bronchodilation · metabolism · thermoregulation · sweating · tremor · palpitations
beta-blocker
Cardiac rhythm medication
- alpha-blockerMedication relaxing vascular muscles
- SNRIPsychiatric medication class
- antidepressantDrug treating persistent despair
agonist · antagonist · decongestant · stimulant · amphetamine · clonidine · drug · dosage · infusion
anxiety
Persistent apprehensive distress
alarm · agitation · nervousness · hyperarousal · startle · cortisol · trauma · PTSD · hypervigilance · overwhelm
- hormonesestrogen, testosterone, insulin, hormone, cortisol
- stimulantscaffeine, amphetamine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine
- Neurochemistrydopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate
- autonomic drugsdopamine, atenolol, metoprolol, clonidine, atropine
- Neurochemicalsacetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate
- stress hormonescortisol, CRH, stress response, glucocorticoids, ACTH
noradrenalineacetylcholine
Neurotransmitter for muscles and memory
GABA · serotonin · melatonin · adenosine · endorphins
noradrenalinesedatives
Drugs that calm
tranquilizers · anxiolytics · beta-blockers · benzodiazepines · calmness