metalanguages
Systems describing systems
Metalanguages are languages used to describe or analyze other languages.
Linguists use technical terminology as a metalanguage to discuss grammar and syntax.
In logic and computer science, metalanguages define the rules and structure of object languages—the languages being described.
English serves as the metalanguage when we say "the French word for dog is chien."
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- XMLStructured data markup language
- HTMLWeb page code
- YAMLData serialization standard
- JSONLightweight data interchange format
schema · BNF · parser · regular expressions · specification · grammar rules · code generation · SQL
Rules for arranging words
- semanticsStudy of linguistic meaning
- pragmaticsLanguage-in-context study
- grammarLanguage's structural rules
- phonologyScience of language sounds
morphology · lexicon · semiotics · signifier · signified · denotation · connotation · discourse
Study of existence's nature
- epistemologyTheory of knowledge
- phenomenologyStudy of subjective experience
- hermeneuticsStudy of interpretation methods
- deconstructionAnalysis exposing self-contradiction
structuralism · poststructuralism · Wittgenstein · Vienna Circle · performative · self-reference · paradox
System of written symbols
- symbolismRepresenting concepts through images
- axiomsAccepted starting principles
- truth tablesCharts mapping logical outcomes
- quantifiersWords expressing quantity
variables · constants · Tarski · consistency · completeness · decidability
markup
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JSON · schema · BNF · parser · regular expressions · specification · grammar rules · code generation · SQL
syntax
Rules for arranging words
- semanticsStudy of linguistic meaning
- pragmaticsLanguage-in-context study
- grammarLanguage's structural rules
phonology · morphology · lexicon · semiotics · signifier · signified · denotation · connotation · discourse · paradigm
ontology
Study of existence's nature
- epistemologyTheory of knowledge
- phenomenologyStudy of subjective experience
- hermeneuticsStudy of interpretation methods
deconstruction · structuralism · poststructuralism · Wittgenstein · Vienna Circle · performative · self-reference · paradox
notation
System of written symbols
- symbolismRepresenting concepts through images
- axiomsAccepted starting principles
- truth tablesCharts mapping logical outcomes
quantifiers · variables · constants · Tarski · consistency · completeness · decidability
metalanguagesdirect speech
Exact quoted utterance
everyday language · vernacular · common speech · plain language · colloquial language