loan words
Foreign vocabulary adopted
Loan words are words borrowed from one language and incorporated into another, often with altered pronunciation or spelling.
English is rich with loan words: *kindergarten* from German, *tsunami* from Japanese, *café* from French.
Also spelled as one word: loanwords.
Borrowed phrase translated literally
- transliterationCross-script phonetic spelling
- naturalizationLegal path to belonging
- anglicizationAdapting to English conventions
- assimilationAbsorbing into a whole
adaptation · incorporation · importation · cognate · false friend · doublet · hybrid
Alternating between linguistic varieties
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- pidginImprovised contact language
- creoleNativized pidgin tongue
- lingua francaShared tongue between peoples
bilingualism · diglossia · lexicon · vernacular · neologism · linguistic diffusion
Original word form
- rootUnderground absorbing structure
- originStarting point or source
- proto-languageReconstructed common ancestor tongue
- derivationSource or origin tracing
Vinegared rice with toppings
- karaokeSinging to backing tracks
- zeitgeistEra's dominant mentality
- schadenfreudeDelight in others' misfortune
- kindergartenEarly schooling for youngsters
tsunami · safari · yoga · karma · café · entrepreneur · résumé · angst
calque
Borrowed phrase translated literally
- transliterationCross-script phonetic spelling
- naturalizationLegal path to belonging
- anglicizationAdapting to English conventions
assimilation · adaptation · incorporation · importation · cognate · false friend · doublet · hybrid
code-switching
Alternating between linguistic varieties
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- pidginImprovised contact language
- creoleNativized pidgin tongue
lingua franca · bilingualism · diglossia · lexicon · vernacular · neologism · linguistic diffusion
etymon
Original word form
- rootUnderground absorbing structure
- originStarting point or source
- proto-languageReconstructed common ancestor tongue
derivation · source language · attestation · corruption · back-formation
sushi
Vinegared rice with toppings
- karaokeSinging to backing tracks
- zeitgeistEra's dominant mentality
- schadenfreudeDelight in others' misfortune
kindergarten · tsunami · safari · yoga · karma · café · entrepreneur · résumé · angst · wanderlust
- translationtranslator, literal translation, literary translation, free translation, French translation
- etymologyetymon, origin, root, linguistic roots, Latin roots
- linguisticslinguistics, phoneme, phonemes, morpheme, morphemes
- word studyetymology, linguistic roots, derivations, morphemes, affixes
- language historystandardization, orthography, spelling reforms, grammar rules, dictionaries
- loanwordsloanword, borrowings, borrowing, calque, anglicisms