lip-reading
Seeing spoken words
Lip-reading is understanding speech by watching the movements of a speaker's lips, face, and mouth rather than hearing the sounds.
It's used primarily by deaf and hard-of-hearing people, though anyone might lip-read in a noisy environment: I couldn't hear him over the music, but I could tell from lip-reading that he said "let's go".
Also called speechreading.
Interpreting spoken language visually
- phonemesMinimal sound distinctions
- lip movementShifting of oral edges
- articulationClear vocal expression
- enunciationClarity of spoken words
pronunciation · mouthing · visual perception · deciphering · interpretation · pattern recognition · context clues · word recognition
Sustained single-minded attention
- focusConcentrated attention point
- attentionFocused mental awareness
- comprehensionMental understanding of meaning
- accuracyDegree of correctness
practice · proficiency · fluency · cognitive load · fatigue · mental effort · working memory · context
Exchange of spoken ideas
- dialogueSpoken exchange between parties
- one-on-oneDirect, between two
- face-to-faceDirect personal encounter
- speakerOne who talks
listener · interaction · understanding · nonverbal cues · facial expressions · gestures · body language · eye contact
Reduced ability to perceive sound
- deaf educationSchooling for the hearing-impaired
- audismPrejudice against deaf individuals
- cochlear implantsAuditory prostheses for deafness
- hearing aidsPersonal sound amplifiers
assistive technology · accessibility · accommodation · CART · captioning · mainstreaming · deaf schools · Alexander Graham Bell
Identically pronounced words
- ambiguityOpenness to multiple interpretations
- mustachesHair on upper lips
- accentsRegional speech patterns
- mumblingIndistinct, quiet speech
poor lighting · side profile · masks · obscured · misinterpretation · guesswork · exhaustion · frustration
speechreading
Interpreting spoken language visually
- phonemesMinimal sound distinctions
- lip movementShifting of oral edges
- articulationClear vocal expression
enunciation · pronunciation · mouthing · visual perception · deciphering · interpretation · pattern recognition · context clues · word recognition · face-to-face
concentration
Sustained single-minded attention
- focusConcentrated attention point
- attentionFocused mental awareness
- comprehensionMental understanding of meaning
accuracy · practice · proficiency · fluency · cognitive load · fatigue · mental effort · working memory · context · anticipation
conversation
Exchange of spoken ideas
- dialogueSpoken exchange between parties
- one-on-oneDirect, between two
- face-to-faceDirect personal encounter
speaker · listener · interaction · understanding · nonverbal cues · facial expressions · gestures · body language · eye contact · turn-taking
hearing loss
Reduced ability to perceive sound
- deaf educationSchooling for the hearing-impaired
- audismPrejudice against deaf individuals
- cochlear implantsAuditory prostheses for deafness
hearing aids · assistive technology · accessibility · accommodation · CART · captioning · mainstreaming · deaf schools · Alexander Graham Bell · oralism
homophones
Identically pronounced words
- ambiguityOpenness to multiple interpretations
- mustachesHair on upper lips
- accentsRegional speech patterns
mumbling · poor lighting · side profile · masks · obscured · misinterpretation · guesswork · exhaustion · frustration
- hearingear, cochlea, hearing loss, deaf, hearing test
- comprehensioninference, meaning, word meaning, context clues, semantics
- nonoralsign language, signing, gestures, body language, texting