interneurons
Brain's internal messengers
Interneurons are nerve cells that connect other neurons within the central nervous system.
Unlike sensory neurons (which carry signals inward) or motor neurons (which carry signals outward), interneurons relay and process information between neurons, forming the vast majority of the brain's circuitry.
They enable complex functions like reflexes, pattern recognition, and thought.
Nerve signal crossing point
- dendriteNeuron's input branch
- axonNeuron's signal-sending projection
- somaBodily cells, excluding gametes
- cholinergicAcetylcholine-mediated neural signaling
multipolar · bipolar · local · short-range · intercalated · stellate · retinal · spinal
Mental check on behavior
- excitationStimulation of response
- modulationVarying signals to transmit
- integrationCombining into a whole
- feedbackReturned response data
feedforward · lateral · relay · processing · oscillation · synchronization · gating · gain control
Synaptic chemical messenger
- GABAInhibitory brain neurotransmitter
- glycineSimplest amino acid
- acetylcholineNeurotransmitter for muscles and memory
- neuropeptideNeuronal protein-like signaling molecule
receptor · presynaptic · synaptic · firing · spike · action potential · depolarization · hyperpolarization
Of the backbone
- arcCurved line segment
- motorEnergy-to-motion converter
- sensoryRelated to perception
- withdrawalAct of taking away
knee-jerk · stretch · proprioceptive · coordination · contraction · response · automatic · involuntary
Biology's electrical activity science
- VIPNotable, for short
- classificationSystematic grouping by traits
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
- transgenicHaving inserted foreign genes
synapse
Nerve signal crossing point
- dendriteNeuron's input branch
- axonNeuron's signal-sending projection
- somaBodily cells, excluding gametes
cholinergic · multipolar · bipolar · local · short-range · intercalated · stellate · retinal · spinal · cortical
inhibition
Mental check on behavior
- excitationStimulation of response
- modulationVarying signals to transmit
- integrationCombining into a whole
feedback · feedforward · lateral · relay · processing · oscillation · synchronization · gating · gain control · microcircuit
neurotransmitter
Synaptic chemical messenger
- GABAInhibitory brain neurotransmitter
- glycineSimplest amino acid
- acetylcholineNeurotransmitter for muscles and memory
neuropeptide · receptor · presynaptic · synaptic · firing · spike · action potential · depolarization · hyperpolarization · potentiation
spinal
Of the backbone
withdrawal · knee-jerk · stretch · proprioceptive · coordination · contraction · response · automatic · involuntary · afferent
electrophysiology
Biology's electrical activity science
- VIPNotable, for short
- classificationSystematic grouping by traits
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
- nervous systembrain, neurons, nerves, spinal cord, axon
- neuroscienceMRI, brain, neurons, synapses, dendrite
- neurodevelopmentneurogenesis, neuroblast, neuroblasts, brain development, myelination
- Enteric Nervous Systemmotor neurons
- excitable cellsneurons, nerve cells, motor neurons, sensory neurons, skeletal muscle
- invertebrate neuronsneurons, ganglia, nerve cord, synapse, axons