encomendero
Indigenous labor holder
An encomendero was a Spanish colonist granted an encomienda—the right to extract labor and tribute from indigenous people in exchange for their supposed protection and Christian instruction.
The system enriched encomenderos while devastating native populations through exploitation and disease: The encomendero demanded gold tribute from villages that had none to give.
Spanish colonial soldier-explorer
- CortésSpanish conqueror of Mexico
- PizarroConquistador of Peru
- viceroyaltyTerritory under delegated sovereignty
- mestizoBiracial Latin American
colonizer · settler · missionary · hacienda · repartimiento · Spanish Main · mercantilism · cacique
Offering of respect
- forced laborCompelled toil, no consent
- servitudeCompulsory labor under masters
- peonageDebt-based forced labor
- coercionPressured compliance through threats
subjugation · overseer · extraction · abuse · oppression · repartimiento · quotas · mortality
Spanish-speaking country estate
- latifundioLarge agricultural estate
- estateProperty and grounds
- territoryLand under jurisdiction
- land grantGovernment-given real estate
allocation · inheritance · cattle · agriculture · dominion · property · cultivation · territorial control
Ancient Mexican civilization
- IncaAncient Peruvian civilization member
- MayaAncient Mesoamerican people
- caciqueNative chief or strongman
- tributaryStream entering larger river
pueblo · conversion · baptism · resistance · epidemic · assimilation · native · tribe
conquistador
Spanish colonial soldier-explorer
- CortésSpanish conqueror of Mexico
- PizarroConquistador of Peru
- viceroyaltyTerritory under delegated sovereignty
mestizo · colonizer · settler · missionary · hacienda · repartimiento · Spanish Main · mercantilism · cacique
tribute
Offering of respect
- forced laborCompelled toil, no consent
- servitudeCompulsory labor under masters
- peonageDebt-based forced labor
coercion · subjugation · overseer · extraction · abuse · oppression · repartimiento · quotas · mortality · resistance
hacienda
Spanish-speaking country estate
- latifundioLarge agricultural estate
- estateProperty and grounds
- territoryLand under jurisdiction
land grant · allocation · inheritance · cattle · agriculture · dominion · property · cultivation · territorial control
Aztec
Ancient Mexican civilization
- IncaAncient Peruvian civilization member
- MayaAncient Mesoamerican people
- caciqueNative chief or strongman
tributary · pueblo · conversion · baptism · resistance · epidemic · assimilation · native · tribe · community