complex roots
Intricate foundational causes
Complex roots are solutions to equations that involve imaginary numbers—numbers containing the square root of negative one.
When a polynomial equation has no real solutions, its roots are complex: a quadratic like x² + 1 = 0 has complex roots because no real number squared equals negative one.
Complex roots always come in conjugate pairs: if 3 + 2i is a root, so is 3 − 2i.
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