Treaty of Nanking
Hong Kong cession agreement
The Treaty of Nanking (1842) ended the First Opium War between Britain and China.
China ceded Hong Kong to Britain, opened five ports to foreign trade, and paid substantial indemnities.
It was the first of the "unequal treaties" that granted Western powers extensive privileges in China—a source of lasting resentment in Chinese historical memory.
- Hong KongChinese special administrative region
- British warshipsUK military vessels
- Opium WarsColonial drug-trade conflicts
- ShanghaiChinese coastal financial center
- cessionFormal transfer of territory
open ports · Canton System · British Empire · indemnity · Boxer Rebellion · Qing dynasty · East India Company · most favored nation · trading rights · gunboat diplomacy · extraterritoriality · tea · imperialism · Victoria · Queen Victoria · ports · forced · merchants
- 1800sVictorian era, Napoleon, Gilded Age, Queen Victoria, Industrial Revolution
- 1800s AsiaQing dynasty, Opium Wars, Boxer Rebellion, British Raj, Emperor Meiji
- 19th Century TreatiesCongress of Vienna, Geneva Convention, Hague Conventions, Berlin Conference, Holy Alliance
- Nanjingancient capital, capital city, city walls, salted duck, ancient walls
- Victorian HistoryGreat Exhibition, Crystal Palace, Indian Mutiny, Crimean War, Boer War
- Opium Warsopium trade, British East India Company, Nemesis, Elliot, Qing Dynasty
Treaty of NankingTreaty of Westphalia
1648 sovereignty-establishing peace
mutual defense pact · negotiated settlement · Treaty of Lausanne · Congress of Vienna · Good Friday Agreement
Treaty of NankingHong Kong handover
Transfer of British territory
decolonization · anti-colonial movement · national liberation · Bandung Conference · Declaration of Independence