Leibniz
Monads philosophy originator
Leibniz refers to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), a German philosopher and mathematician who independently developed calculus, proposed the concept of monads, and articulated the principle of sufficient reason.
His optimistic claim that we live in "the best of all possible worlds" was satirized by Voltaire.
Leibniz also invented an early mechanical calculator and contributed to formal logic.
The name appears in Leibniz notation for calculus and Leibniz cookies—butter biscuits named for him.
Tendency to expect good
- substancePhysical material with mass
- monadsIndivisible fundamental units
- theodicyDefense of divine goodness
- metaphysicsPhilosophy of existence's nature
epistemology · rationalism · logic · free will · determinism · pluralism
Why omnipotent goodness allows suffering
- divine justiceSacred moral reckoning
- optimismTendency to expect good
- providenceDivine protective care
- omnipotenceUnlimited universal power
omniscience · benevolence · free will · original sin · suffering · grace · salvation · perfection
Mathematical analysis system
- infinitesimalQuantity approaching zero
- derivativeFunction's rate of change
- integralAntiderivative or crucial component
- notationSystem of written symbols
differential · binary arithmetic · determinant · symbolic logic · function · series · convergence · algorithm
Exchanged written communication
- polymathMulti-domain expert
- academyInstitution of learning
- universal languageSpeech all understand
- diplomacyNegotiation between nations
Hanover · scientific society · encyclopedic knowledge · library · manuscript · Voltaire · reason · progress
Famous scientific surname
- Royal SocietyUK's national science academy
- intellectual propertyLegal rights over inventions
- historical controversyDisputed interpretation of past events
optimism
Tendency to expect good
- substancePhysical material with mass
- monadsIndivisible fundamental units
- theodicyDefense of divine goodness
metaphysics · epistemology · rationalism · logic · free will · determinism · pluralism
problem of evil
Why omnipotent goodness allows suffering
- divine justiceSacred moral reckoning
- optimismTendency to expect good
- providenceDivine protective care
omnipotence · omniscience · benevolence · free will · original sin · suffering · grace · salvation · perfection · Candide
calculus
Mathematical analysis system
- infinitesimalQuantity approaching zero
- derivativeFunction's rate of change
- integralAntiderivative or crucial component
notation · differential · binary arithmetic · determinant · symbolic logic · function · series · convergence · algorithm · combinatorics
correspondence
Exchanged written communication
- polymathMulti-domain expert
- academyInstitution of learning
- universal languageSpeech all understand
diplomacy · Hanover · scientific society · encyclopedic knowledge · library · manuscript · Voltaire · reason · progress · science
Newton
Famous scientific surname
- Royal SocietyUK's national science academy
- intellectual propertyLegal rights over inventions
- historical controversyDisputed interpretation of past events
LeibnizJohn Locke
English empiricist philosopher
David Hume · empiricists · George Berkeley · Francis Bacon · Thomas Hobbes