volcanic craters
Mountain summit depressions
Volcanic craters are bowl-shaped depressions at the summit or on the flanks of volcanoes, formed by explosive eruptions or the collapse of material into emptied magma chambers.
They range from small vents to calderas miles wide.
The term extends to any crater-like volcanic formation: The hikers peered into the volcanic crater's steaming depths.
- cinder coneSteep volcanic debris hill
- calderaCollapsed volcanic summit basin
- lava domeSteep-sided volcanic mound
- magma chamberSubsurface pocket holding liquefied rock
- fumaroleVolcanic gas vent
tephra · lava tube · Pompeii ruins · lahar · lava flows · lava flow · Ring of Fire · fire ring · pyroclastic flow · stratovolcano · hot springs · soil fertility · habitat destruction · vent · explosive eruption · seismograph · molten · geothermal
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volcanic cratersvolcanic cones
Vent-formed geological mounds
cinder cones · volcanic peaks · shield volcanoes · stratovolcanoes · lava domes