underreporting
Hiding true numbers
Underreporting is the failure to report the full extent of something—crimes, income, symptoms, or data.
The problem may be intentional (tax underreporting to avoid liability) or systemic (sexual assault underreporting due to stigma).
Statistics on underreported phenomena are inherently uncertain: The true infection rate is higher than official numbers suggest due to underreporting.
Deliberate alteration of truth
- doctoringAltering deceptively
- skewingCausing asymmetrical distortion
- fudgingManipulating facts dishonestly
- massagingTherapeutic manual manipulation
cherry-picking · padding · deflating · tampering · altering · adjusting · distortion · number-crunching
Being barred from participation
- overlookingFailing to see or consider
- neglectFailure to provide care
- gapsUnfilled spaces between
- missing dataAbsent information in datasets
incomplete · undercounting · underestimation · undisclosed · unrecorded · unacknowledged · blind spots · lacunae
Forcible prevention or concealment
- cover-upHiding wrongdoing from public
- hidingStaying out of sight
- withholdingKeeping from another
- nondisclosureConcealment of information
secrecy · obfuscation · stonewalling · burying · masking · hushing · silencing · censorship
Numerical records of offenses
- incomeRegular monetary receipts
- taxesMandatory government payments
- workplace injuriesHarm suffered while working
- sexual assaultForced sexual contact crime
domestic violence · hate crimes · emissions · pollution · side effects · cases · incidents · accidents
Formal accounts examination
- complianceAdhering to requirements
- oversightSupervision or inadvertent omission
- transparencyState of being see-through
- regulationOfficial rules governing conduct
enforcement · whistleblower · monitoring · inspection · penalties · standards · governance · due diligence
falsification
Deliberate alteration of truth
- doctoringAltering deceptively
- skewingCausing asymmetrical distortion
- fudgingManipulating facts dishonestly
massaging · cherry-picking · padding · deflating · tampering · altering · adjusting · distortion · number-crunching · data manipulation
exclusion
Being barred from participation
- overlookingFailing to see or consider
- neglectFailure to provide care
- gapsUnfilled spaces between
missing data · incomplete · undercounting · underestimation · undisclosed · unrecorded · unacknowledged · blind spots · lacunae · shortfall
suppression
Forcible prevention or concealment
- cover-upHiding wrongdoing from public
- hidingStaying out of sight
- withholdingKeeping from another
nondisclosure · secrecy · obfuscation · stonewalling · burying · masking · hushing · silencing · censorship · redaction
crime statistics
Numerical records of offenses
- incomeRegular monetary receipts
- taxesMandatory government payments
- workplace injuriesHarm suffered while working
sexual assault · domestic violence · hate crimes · emissions · pollution · side effects · cases · incidents · accidents · earnings
audit
Formal accounts examination
- complianceAdhering to requirements
- oversightSupervision or inadvertent omission
- transparencyState of being see-through
regulation · enforcement · whistleblower · monitoring · inspection · penalties · standards · governance · due diligence · liability
- financial errorsbilling error, bank error, calculation error, rounding error, math error
- tax crimestax fraud, tax evasion, undeclared income, hidden income, tax cheats
- Data Gapscoverage gaps
- IRS Collectiontax collection, tax lien, tax levy, collection, levy
- victimologyvictim support, victim advocacy, victim rights, victim services, victim compensation
underreportingoverreporting
Declaring excessive amounts
exaggerating · inflating · overstating · overcounting · overestimating
underreportingfull disclosure
Withholding no information
full transparency · whistleblowing · exposing · revealing · coming clean
report, reporter, reporting, reports, reported, reporters, unreported, reportage, misreport