subgrade
Soil under roads
Subgrade is the layer of soil or rock prepared as the foundation for a road, pavement, or other construction.
It's the natural ground surface shaped and compacted before any base materials or paving are applied: The engineers tested the subgrade for adequate bearing capacity.
A weak subgrade can cause pavement to crack or settle unevenly.
Ground matter for planting
- aggregateCombined sum total
- gravelLoose small rock fragments
- sandFine rock particles
- clayMoldable earth for ceramics
silt · subsoil · topsoil · fill · granular · loam · borrow · lime
Act of unearthing
- gradingAssigning marks to work
- compactionReducing volume through pressure
- levelingMaking flat or equal
- earthworkConstructed soil structure
fill · backfill · groundwork · surveying · staking · clearing · stripping · cutting
Reducing volume through pressure
- densityMass-to-volume ratio
- moistureSmall amounts of liquid
- permeabilityAbility to transmit fluids
- strengthPower to exert force
uniformity · consistency · firmness · plasticity · shrink-swell · settlement · consolidation · porosity
Foundation beneath railway tracks
Bladed vehicle pushing earth
- rollerRotating cylindrical tool
- graderOne who assigns scores
- excavatorMachine that digs earth
- scraperTool for removing buildup
compactor · sheepsfoot · tamper · loader · backhoe
Ability to transmit fluids
- geotextilePermeable construction fabric
- subdrainUnderground drainage pipe
- culvertTunnel for water passage
- swaleSoggy terrain depression
soil
Ground matter for planting
clay · silt · subsoil · topsoil · fill · granular · loam · borrow · lime · cement
excavation
Act of unearthing
- gradingAssigning marks to work
- compactionReducing volume through pressure
- levelingMaking flat or equal
earthwork · fill · backfill · groundwork · surveying · staking · clearing · stripping · cutting · benching
compaction
Reducing volume through pressure
- densityMass-to-volume ratio
- moistureSmall amounts of liquid
- permeabilityAbility to transmit fluids
strength · uniformity · consistency · firmness · plasticity · shrink-swell · settlement · consolidation · porosity · saturation
roadbed
Foundation beneath railway tracks
bulldozer
Bladed vehicle pushing earth
scraper · compactor · sheepsfoot · tamper · loader · backhoe
permeability
Ability to transmit fluids
- geotextilePermeable construction fabric
- subdrainUnderground drainage pipe
- culvertTunnel for water passage
swale · infiltration · dewatering · sump
- concreteconcrete mixer, concrete pour, concrete slabs, concrete beams, concrete columns
- pavementasphalt, concrete, tar, cobblestone, brick
- railway tracksrails, steel rails, track bed, rail bed, railbed
- Road Constructionasphalt, concrete, paving, cement, grading
- geotechnicssoil, soil type, soil classification, soil structure, subsurface
- roadbedroadbed, trackbed, track bed, railbed, subbase
subgradesurface layer
Outermost portion of something
superstructure · top layer · overlay · topcoat · concrete surface