sampling error
Subset-whole discrepancy measure
Sampling error is the difference between a measurement taken from a sample and the true value for the whole population.
When pollsters survey 1,000 people instead of millions, any gap between their findings and actual public opinion is sampling error.
Larger samples reduce it; smaller ones increase it.
The poll has a sampling error of plus or minus three percent.
Estimated bounds for population parameter
- standard deviationSpread around the mean
- stratificationDivision into distinct levels
- nonresponseFailure to answer
- selection biasUnrepresentative sample causing errors
Tendency to change
- varianceSpread around the mean
- deviationDeparture from expected path
- precisionAccuracy of measurement
- biasUnfair inclination or prejudice
parameter · estimation · probability · normal distribution · statistical significance · confidence level · degrees of freedom · hypothesis testing
State of being unsure
- noiseUnwanted auditory disturbance
- fluctuationIrregular change over time
- discrepancyDifference between expected and actual
- anomalyDeparture from the expected
outlier · scatter · imprecision · miscalculation · misestimate · inaccuracy · distortion · skewness
All inhabitants combined
- data collectionSystematic accumulation of facts
- surveySystematic data collection
- pollingSystematic opinion gathering
- censusOfficial population count
fieldwork · respondents · demographics · cross-sectional · longitudinal · replication · generalizability · study design
confidence interval
Estimated bounds for population parameter
- standard deviationSpread around the mean
- stratificationDivision into distinct levels
- nonresponseFailure to answer
selection bias · overrepresentation · representativeness · randomization
variability
Tendency to change
bias · parameter · estimation · probability · normal distribution · statistical significance · confidence level · degrees of freedom · hypothesis testing
uncertainty
State of being unsure
- noiseUnwanted auditory disturbance
- fluctuationIrregular change over time
- discrepancyDifference between expected and actual
anomaly · outlier · scatter · imprecision · miscalculation · misestimate · inaccuracy · distortion · skewness · unreliability
population
All inhabitants combined
- data collectionSystematic accumulation of facts
- surveySystematic data collection
- pollingSystematic opinion gathering
census · fieldwork · respondents · demographics · cross-sectional · longitudinal · replication · generalizability · study design · questionnaire
sampling errorsystematic error
Consistent measurement deviation
systematic bias · measurement error · selection bias · observer bias · processing error
error, sample, samples, sampling, sampler, samplers, resampling, resample, resamples