infringements
Boundary crossings, legally
Infringements are violations or breaches, typically of rights, rules, or agreements.
The word appears most often in legal and formal contexts: patent infringements, copyright infringements, infringements of civil liberties.
An infringement need not be dramatic—even minor encroachments count: The new policy represents an infringement on academic freedom.
Breaches of rules
- breachesBreaks or violations
- contraventionsBreaches of regulations
- transgressionsViolations of rules or laws
- trespassesUnlawful entries onto property
offenses · encroachments · unlawful acts · liability · damages · injunctions · cease and desist · litigation
Disregarding established standards
- foulsIllegal plays in sports
- penaltiesPunishments for infractions
- misconductImproper professional behavior
- unsportsmanlike conductRule-breaking competitive behavior
code violations · ethics violations · technical fouls · infractions · disciplinary actions · warnings · citations
Seaborne theft or bootlegging
- counterfeitingMaking fake money
- plagiarismUnattributed use of others' work
- unauthorized useEmploying without consent
- DMCADigital copyright protection law
takedown notices · fair use · derivative works · bootlegging · knockoffs · software piracy · digital rights
Gradual territorial intrusions
- trespassingUnauthorized presence on property
- border crossingsPoints entering another country
- zoning violationsIllegal land use
- land grabsSeizing territory by force
adverse possession · fence disputes · surveying · intrusions · overstepping
Breaches of supreme law
- human rights abusesViolations of fundamental freedoms
- censorshipOfficial content restriction
- discriminationUnjust differential treatment
- unlawful detentionIllegal restraint of freedom
search and seizure · Fourth Amendment · First Amendment · habeas corpus · fundamental freedoms
violations
Breaches of rules
- breachesBreaks or violations
- contraventionsBreaches of regulations
- transgressionsViolations of rules or laws
trespasses · offenses · encroachments · unlawful acts · liability · damages · injunctions · cease and desist · litigation · lawsuits
rule-breaking
Disregarding established standards
- foulsIllegal plays in sports
- penaltiesPunishments for infractions
- misconductImproper professional behavior
unsportsmanlike conduct · code violations · ethics violations · technical fouls · infractions · disciplinary actions · warnings · citations
piracy
Seaborne theft or bootlegging
- counterfeitingMaking fake money
- plagiarismUnattributed use of others' work
- unauthorized useEmploying without consent
DMCA · takedown notices · fair use · derivative works · bootlegging · knockoffs · software piracy · digital rights
encroachments
Gradual territorial intrusions
- trespassingUnauthorized presence on property
- border crossingsPoints entering another country
- zoning violationsIllegal land use
land grabs · adverse possession · fence disputes · surveying · intrusions · overstepping
constitutional violations
Breaches of supreme law
- human rights abusesViolations of fundamental freedoms
- censorshipOfficial content restriction
- discriminationUnjust differential treatment
unlawful detention · search and seizure · Fourth Amendment · First Amendment · habeas corpus · fundamental freedoms
infringementsobservances
Customary practices or ceremonies
compliance · adherence · conformity · obedience · honoring
infringementspermissions
Official allowances granted
authorizations · grants · licenses · entitlements · allowances
infringementsprotections
Measures preventing harm
safeguarding · preservation · defense · maintenance · vindication
- copyright infringementUnauthorized use of protected works
- trademark infringementUnauthorized use of protected marks
- rights infringementViolating protected entitlements
- patent infringementUnauthorized use of protected invention