coldwork
Room-temperature metal forming
Coldwork is the shaping of metal without heat—bending, hammering, rolling, or pressing at room temperature.
The process hardens the metal as it deforms: The piece was coldworked to increase its strength.
In glassmaking, coldwork refers to finishing techniques like cutting, grinding, or polishing done after the glass has cooled.
Striking repeatedly with force
- peeningHammer-working metal surfaces
- rivetingCompletely holding one's attention
- knurlingMachined grip texture
- swagingShaping metal by compression
sizing · staking · flaring · expanding · reducing · dimpling · lancing
Curving from straight
- rollingTurning over repeatedly
- drawingMarks forming a picture
- stampingForceful foot motion
- punchingStriking with closed fist
swaging · flanging · shearing · crimping · seaming · notching · coining · embossing
Ability to stretch unbroken
- malleabilityCapacity for deformation without breaking
- brittlenessProne to snapping
- plasticityAbility to change shape
- microstructureSubmillimeter material composition
crystallography · anisotropy · formability · aluminum · copper · brass · titanium · zinc
Torch-based glass shaping
- bevelingCutting at a slant
- engravingCarving into hard surfaces
- sandblastingCleaning surfaces with pressurized grit
- etchingAcid-incised metal print
hammering
Striking repeatedly with force
- peeningHammer-working metal surfaces
- rivetingCompletely holding one's attention
- knurlingMachined grip texture
swaging · sizing · staking · flaring · expanding · reducing · dimpling · lancing
bending
Curving from straight
punching · swaging · flanging · shearing · crimping · seaming · notching · coining · embossing · spinning
ductility
Ability to stretch unbroken
- malleabilityCapacity for deformation without breaking
- brittlenessProne to snapping
- plasticityAbility to change shape
microstructure · crystallography · anisotropy · formability · aluminum · copper · brass · titanium · zinc · tin
burnishing
Smoothing by friction
- textureSurface tactile quality
- springbackElastic return to shape
lampworking
Torch-based glass shaping
- bevelingCutting at a slant
- engravingCarving into hard surfaces
- sandblastingCleaning surfaces with pressurized grit
coldworkforging
Shaping heated metal; faking documents
heat treatment · annealing · casting · smelting · hot work
coldworkannealing
Heat-softening of metals
stress relief · recrystallization · tempering · normalizing · softening