Birmingham campaign
Alabama desegregation movement
The Birmingham campaign was a 1963 civil rights protest movement in Birmingham, Alabama, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
The campaign used nonviolent tactics—sit-ins, marches, boycotts—to challenge segregation in one of America's most racially divided cities.
Images of police using fire hoses and attack dogs on peaceful demonstrators, including children, generated national outrage and helped build support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
- AlabamaDeep South state
- Brown v. Board of EducationLandmark desegregation decision
- boycottOrganized economic protest
- Freedom RidersBus-borne civil rights activists
- Freedom RidesDesegregation campaign via interstate buses
Martin Luther King Jr. · freedom marches · segregation · Medgar Evers · nonviolent resistance · direct action · George Wallace · police dogs · 1963 · sit-ins · lunch counter · fire hoses · Selma march · Bloody Sunday · March on Washington · civil rights movement · Jim Crow laws · racial equality
Birmingham campaignriot
Violent public disturbance
armed insurrection · mob violence · race riot · looting · Watts riots
Birmingham campaignCOINTELPRO
Covert federal disruption operations
Birmingham, campaign, campaigns, campaigned, campaigning, campaigner, campaigners