ADRs
Overseas stock certificates
ADRs stands for American Depositary Receipts—certificates representing shares of foreign companies that trade on U.S. stock exchanges.
They allow American investors to buy foreign stocks without dealing with currency conversion or overseas brokerages: I bought ADRs of the Japanese automaker rather than trading on the Tokyo exchange.
In pharmaceutical contexts, ADRs means adverse drug reactions.
Systematic observation of subjects
- reportingConveying documented information
- trackingMonitoring location over time
- monitoringOngoing observation of something
- alertsWarning notifications
registries · yellow card · disproportionality · data mining · black box warning · underreporting
Unintended treatment consequences
- anaphylaxisSevere systemic allergic reaction
- hypersensitivityExaggerated response to stimuli
- nauseaPre-vomiting stomach discomfort
- vomitingExpelling stomach contents orally
diarrhea · dizziness · headache · rash · urticaria · edema · dyspnea · tachycardia
Stopping something before occurring
- discontinuationFormal ending of something
- desensitizationReduced response over time
- antidotesAgents reversing toxic effects
- supportive careMedical comfort without cure
patient education · risk-benefit · informed consent · documentation
Reasons to avoid treatment
- polypharmacyUsing numerous drugs concurrently
- pharmacokineticsDrug fate in body
- bioavailabilityFraction reaching active circulation
- metabolismCellular nutrient conversion
clearance · grapefruit · serotonin syndrome · QT prolongation
Harmful effects on nerves
- cytotoxicityHarmfulness to living cells
- idiosyncraticDistinctively individual in nature
- organ damageHarm to internal body parts
- overdoseHarmful excess intake
surveillance
Systematic observation of subjects
- reportingConveying documented information
- trackingMonitoring location over time
- monitoringOngoing observation of something
alerts · registries · yellow card · disproportionality · data mining · black box warning · underreporting
side effects
Unintended treatment consequences
- anaphylaxisSevere systemic allergic reaction
- hypersensitivityExaggerated response to stimuli
- nauseaPre-vomiting stomach discomfort
vomiting · diarrhea · dizziness · headache · rash · urticaria · edema · dyspnea · tachycardia · fever
prevention
Stopping something before occurring
- discontinuationFormal ending of something
- desensitizationReduced response over time
- antidotesAgents reversing toxic effects
supportive care · patient education · risk-benefit · informed consent · documentation
contraindications
Reasons to avoid treatment
- polypharmacyUsing numerous drugs concurrently
- pharmacokineticsDrug fate in body
- bioavailabilityFraction reaching active circulation
metabolism · clearance · grapefruit · serotonin syndrome · QT prolongation
neurotoxicity
Harmful effects on nerves
- cytotoxicityHarmfulness to living cells
- idiosyncraticDistinctively individual in nature
- organ damageHarm to internal body parts