out-groups
Those not us
Out-groups are people perceived as outside one's own social circle or category—the "them" in an us-versus-them distinction.
The term comes from sociology, where it contrasts with in-group.
Out-groups may be defined by ethnicity, religion, politics, or any perceived difference: Prejudice often targets out-groups during economic downturns.
The hyphenated form emphasizes the technical sense; "outgroup" (one word) appears in biology for species outside a comparison set.
Being barred from participation
- otheringViewing as fundamentally different
- marginalizationRelegation to powerless periphery
- belongingState of fitting in
- cliquesExclusive social groups
discrimination · prejudice · scapegoating · stigma · boundaries · rejection · alienation · tribalism
Active resistance or dissent
- dissidentsPolitical objectors
- enemiesHostile opposing parties
- foreignersPeople from elsewhere
- immigrantsThose settling abroad
refugees · minorities · partisanship · polarization · nationalism · xenophobia · propaganda · populism
Unfair inclination or prejudice
- categorizationArranging into groups
- dehumanizationDenying personhood to others
- cognitiveRelating to thinking
- perceptionMental interpretation of stimuli
attitudes · attribution · favoritism · hostility · threat · competition · implicit bias · ethnocentrism
People not in organization
- competitorsThose seeking same goal
- rivalsThose who compete
- exclusivityState of being limited
- membershipState of belonging
cliquishness · workplace · hierarchy · insiders · gatekeeping · networking · factions · office politics
exclusion
Being barred from participation
- otheringViewing as fundamentally different
- marginalizationRelegation to powerless periphery
- belongingState of fitting in
cliques · discrimination · prejudice · scapegoating · stigma · boundaries · rejection · alienation · tribalism · social identity
opposition
Active resistance or dissent
- dissidentsPolitical objectors
- enemiesHostile opposing parties
- foreignersPeople from elsewhere
immigrants · refugees · minorities · partisanship · polarization · nationalism · xenophobia · propaganda · populism · scapegoats
bias
Unfair inclination or prejudice
- categorizationArranging into groups
- dehumanizationDenying personhood to others
- cognitiveRelating to thinking
perception · attitudes · attribution · favoritism · hostility · threat · competition · implicit bias · ethnocentrism · projection
non-members
People not in organization
- competitorsThose seeking same goal
- rivalsThose who compete
- exclusivityState of being limited
membership · cliquishness · workplace · hierarchy · insiders · gatekeeping · networking · factions · office politics · team dynamics
- group dynamicscooperation, norms, conflict, alliance, hierarchy
- social developmentsocialization, social skills, friendship, social behavior, belonging
- office politicsoffice politics, backstabbing, power plays, favoritism, nepotism
out-groupsin-groups
Exclusive membership circles
in-crowd · insiders · members · us · inner circle