hypoglossal nerve
Twelfth cranial nerve
The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve, controlling the muscles of the tongue.
It enables speaking, chewing, and swallowing.
Damage to this nerve causes difficulty with speech and tongue movement—the tongue may deviate toward the injured side when extended.
Ordinal for dozen
- brainstemLower neural trunk
- vagusTenth cranial nerve
- accessorySupplementary addition
- facialBeauty service for skin
trigeminal · foramen · skull base · posterior fossa · bilateral
Oral muscle shifting
- protrusionPart extending outward
- retractionFormal withdrawal of statement
- swallowingIngesting via throat muscles
- deglutitionAct of swallowing
mastication · articulation · speech · phonation · licking · sucking · chewing · coordination
Loss of muscle function
- palsyParalysis with trembling
- weaknessDeficiency in force
- atrophyWasting from disuse
- deviationDeparture from expected path
dysarthria · dysphagia · motor neuron disease · compression · tumor · stroke · ALS · slurred speech
Oral muscle for taste
- medulla oblongataLower brainstem structure
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- rootletsSmallest plant absorbers
- sublingualUnder the tongue
motor neurons · axons · myelinated · efferent · floor of mouth
Clinical nervous system evaluation
- EMGMuscle electrical activity test
- imagingProducing visual representations
- MRIMagnetic body imaging
- neurosurgeryMedical field treating brain surgically
otolaryngology · speech therapy · rehabilitation · diagnosis · prognosis
twelfth
Ordinal for dozen
facial · trigeminal · foramen · skull base · posterior fossa · bilateral
tongue movement
Oral muscle shifting
- protrusionPart extending outward
- retractionFormal withdrawal of statement
- swallowingIngesting via throat muscles
deglutition · mastication · articulation · speech · phonation · licking · sucking · chewing · coordination
paralysis
Loss of muscle function
deviation · dysarthria · dysphagia · motor neuron disease · compression · tumor · stroke · ALS · slurred speech · difficulty swallowing
tongue
Oral muscle for taste
- medulla oblongataLower brainstem structure
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- rootletsSmallest plant absorbers
sublingual · motor neurons · axons · myelinated · efferent · floor of mouth
neurological exam
Clinical nervous system evaluation
neurosurgery · otolaryngology · speech therapy · rehabilitation · diagnosis · prognosis
- nervesspinal cord
- cranial nerves
- motor systemmotor cortex, motor neurons, motor control, voluntary movement, upper motor neuron
- brainstembrainstem, brain stem, medulla, medulla oblongata, pons
- Spinal Nerves