espaliers
Flat-growing fruit trees
Espaliers are trees or shrubs trained to grow flat against a wall, fence, or trellis, with branches extending horizontally in a formal pattern.
The technique maximizes fruit production in limited space and creates decorative living screens.
As a verb, to espalier is to train a plant this way: She espaliered the apple trees along the garden wall.
Cutting vegetation for health
- graftingJoining tissues to grow together
- trainingDeveloping abilities through practice
- shapingGiving something its form
- tyingForming a knot
clipping · cordons · horizontal · tiered · branching · wiring · spacing · candelabra
Underlying support system
- latticeOpenwork of crossed strips
- wiresMetallic electrical conductors
- supportTo uphold or sustain
- wall-mountedFixed to vertical surface
freestanding · posts · rails · grid · tension · anchor · spacing · fence
Crisp tree fruit
- pearTapered sweet fruit
- fruit-treesPlants bearing edible produce
- orchardFruit tree plantation
- harvestGathering mature crops
yield · ripening · dwarf · rootstock · peach · apricot · fig · quince
Outer edge or limit
- courtyardEnclosed open-air space
- kitchen-gardenPlot for growing edibles
- ornamentalFor beauty, not function
- decorativeServing to beautify
formal · symmetrical · hedging · boundary · pathway · enclosure · microclimate · south-facing
pruning
Cutting vegetation for health
- graftingJoining tissues to grow together
- trainingDeveloping abilities through practice
- shapingGiving something its form
tying · clipping · cordons · horizontal · tiered · branching · wiring · spacing · candelabra · stepover
framework
Underlying support system
wall-mounted · freestanding · posts · rails · grid · tension · anchor · spacing · fence · pergola
apple
Crisp tree fruit
- pearTapered sweet fruit
- fruit-treesPlants bearing edible produce
- orchardFruit tree plantation
harvest · yield · ripening · dwarf · rootstock · peach · apricot · fig · quince · plum
border
Outer edge or limit
- courtyardEnclosed open-air space
- kitchen-gardenPlot for growing edibles
- ornamentalFor beauty, not function
decorative · formal · symmetrical · hedging · boundary · pathway · enclosure · microclimate · south-facing · sheltered
facade
Deceptive outward appearance
- wallVertical enclosing structure
- verticalAt right angles groundward
- space-savingMinimizing area used
urban · integrated · biophilic · cladding · masonry · brick · stone · historic · monastery · chateau