Executive Order 9066
Wartime relocation mandate
Executive Order 9066 was a U.S. presidential directive signed by Franklin D.
Roosevelt in February 1942, authorizing the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
Approximately 120,000 people, most of them U.S. citizens, were removed from their homes on the West Coast and held in camps for the duration of the war.
The order is widely regarded as one of the gravest civil liberties violations in American history.
- racial profilingLaw enforcement by skin color
- Japanese internmentForced relocation of civilians
- ManzanarWWII incarceration site
- military zonesRestricted armed forces areas
- generational traumaInherited psychological harm
constitutional rights · human rights abuses · Pearl Harbor · war hysteria · Franklin D. Roosevelt · World War II · oral histories · martial law · Supreme Court rulings · federal authority · evacuation orders · wartime · exclusion zones · legal precedent · barbed wire · Roosevelt · incarceration · camps
- Japanese Internmentinternment camps, internment camp, Japanese internment, internees, relocation centers
- Nikkei HistoryNikkei, Japanese Americans, Japanese Canadians, internment, internment camps
- Government Programswelfare program, Great Society, healthcare reform, Medicare, Medicaid
- Historic DocumentsDeclaration of Independence, Magna Carta, Constitution, Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact
Executive Order 9066Bill of Rights
Initial constitutional amendments guaranteeing freedoms
due process · freedom of movement · presumption of innocence · habeas corpus · Fourteenth Amendment
Executive Order 9066Emancipation Proclamation
Executive order freeing Confederate slaves
Brown v. Board of Education · Thirteenth Amendment · integration · desegregation · 14th Amendment
Executive Order 9066reparations
Compensation for historical wrongs