1913

Woodrow Wilson

Twenty-eighth American president

• income taxGovernment charge on earnings
• direct electionVoting without intermediaries
• Progressive EraUS social reform period
• Federal ReserveUS central banking system

segregation · Jim Crow · suffrage movement · muckrakers · trust-busting · Ellis Island · immigration wave · Model T

modernism

Favoring contemporary approaches

• avant-gardeInnovative cultural pioneers
• Rite of SpringModernist ballet about renewal
• cubismGeometric, fragmented visual style
• futurismStudy of tomorrow's possibilities

Stravinsky · Duchamp · Proust · Lawrence · imagism · Nijinsky · artistic revolution · expressionism

pre-war

Before a conflict

• EdwardianOf early twentieth-century Britain
• Gilded AgeLate 1800s American prosperity
• suffragettesFemale voting-rights activists
• ragtimeSyncopated piano genre

silent film · imperialism · colonialism · Romanov dynasty · Kaiser Wilhelm · gaslight era · industrialization

assembly line

Sequential workstation manufacturing

• mass productionLarge-scale standardized fabrication
• aviation pioneersEarly flight developers
• wireless telegraphyCable-free signal transmission
• early cinemaMotion pictures' first decades

phonograph · electric lighting · automobile age · ocean liners · zeppelins · mechanization