rationalisms
Logic-over-experience beliefs
Rationalisms is the plural of rationalism, a philosophical position holding that reason rather than experience is the primary source of knowledge.
Different rationalisms have emerged across history—Cartesian rationalism, critical rationalism, economic rationalism—each emphasizing reason's role in a particular domain.
The competing rationalisms of the Enlightenment shaped modern thought.
Theory of knowledge
- DescartesCogito ergo sum's author
- LeibnizBaroque-era polymath philosopher-mathematician
- SpinozaDutch philosopher of monism
- a prioriIndependent of experience
deduction · metaphysics · reason · Enlightenment · Kant · cogito · first principles · idealism
Knowledge through observation
- methodologyFormal procedural framework
- logicScience of valid reasoning
- systematizationCreating ordered structure
- theoryExplanatory set of principles
hypothesis · reductionism · materialism · positivism · objectivity · verification · falsifiability · evidence-based
Separation of faith, state
- skepticismDisposition toward doubt
- freethoughtReason-based belief formation
- atheismRejection of deities
- agnosticismDoubt about divine existence
modernism · demythologization · biblical criticism · deism · humanism · religious reform · doctrine · orthodoxy
Arranging for future events
- central planningGovernment directs all production
- technocracyGovernance by technical experts
- efficiencyProductive without waste
- optimizationMaximizing efficiency or performance
calculation · markets · Hayek · socialism · allocation · utility · maximization · bureaucracy
epistemology
Theory of knowledge
- DescartesCogito ergo sum's author
- LeibnizBaroque-era polymath philosopher-mathematician
- SpinozaDutch philosopher of monism
a priori · deduction · metaphysics · reason · Enlightenment · Kant · cogito · first principles · idealism · foundationalism
empiricism
Knowledge through observation
- methodologyFormal procedural framework
- logicScience of valid reasoning
- systematizationCreating ordered structure
theory · hypothesis · reductionism · materialism · positivism · objectivity · verification · falsifiability · evidence-based · quantification
secularism
Separation of faith, state
- skepticismDisposition toward doubt
- freethoughtReason-based belief formation
- atheismRejection of deities
agnosticism · modernism · demythologization · biblical criticism · deism · humanism · religious reform · doctrine · orthodoxy · heresy
planning
Arranging for future events
- central planningGovernment directs all production
- technocracyGovernance by technical experts
- efficiencyProductive without waste
optimization · calculation · markets · Hayek · socialism · allocation · utility · maximization · bureaucracy · expertise
rationalismsirrationalism
Doctrine dismissing logical thought
mysticism · blind faith · faith · intuitionism · superstition
rationalismspragmatism
Practical problem-solving philosophy
romanticism · existentialism · anti-rationalism · sentimentalism · voluntarism
rationalism, rationalist, rationalistic, rationalists, irrationalism