molecular motion
Atoms constantly jiggling
Molecular motion is the constant movement of molecules within a substance.
In solids, molecules vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they slide past one another; in gases, they move freely and rapidly in all directions.
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of this motion—the hotter the substance, the faster its molecules move.
- kinetic energyPower from movement
- temperatureMeasured heat intensity
- diffusionPassive molecular spreading
- random walkChance-governed sequential movement
- osmosisSolvent crossing semipermeable barrier
kinetic theory · gas laws · pressure · entropy · vibration · jiggle · velocity · momentum · phase transitions · quiver · molecules · evaporation · potential energy · thermodynamics · thermal · agitation · plasma · random
- spreading processesosmosis, heat transfer, gas exchange
- gas physicsideal gas law, Boyle's law, Avogadro's law, gas laws, kinetic theory
- energyelectricity, power, oil, fuel, gas
- gasesgas, air, oxygen, helium, nitrogen
- thermodynamicsentropy, enthalpy, heat transfer, free energy, heat capacity
kinetic state
molecular motionstillness
Complete lack of motion
motionlessness · immobility · complete rest · frozen state · absolute zero