internal migration
Moving within borders
Internal migration is movement of people within a country's borders, as opposed to international migration across them.
People migrate internally for jobs, education, or family: The Great Migration brought millions of Black Americans from the rural South to northern cities.
The term appears in demographics, economics, and policy discussions about population shifts.
Permanent change of residence
- resettlementReestablishing in new place
- evacuationRemoval from danger
- uprootingExtracting from the earth
- mass movementOrganized collective action
flight · exodus · depopulation · climate refugees · conflict zones · returnees · temporary shelter · landlessness
Workforce geographic flexibility
- employment opportunitiesAvailable paid positions
- remittancesPayments sent abroad
- seasonal workJobs tied to cycles
- labor marketEmployment supply and demand
livelihood · income disparity · cost of living · poverty alleviation · domestic work · recruitment agencies · contract labor · industrial hubs
Expansion of cities
- slumsImpoverished, crowded districts
- peri-urbanArea bordering urban centers
- shantytownPoor area of crude shelters
- urban sprawlUncontrolled peripheral development
megacity · metropolitan · squatter settlements · urban poverty · housing shortage · overcrowding · satellite towns · boomtown
Authorization to inhabit a country
- documentationWritten proof or instructions
- identity cardsOfficial proof of personhood
- voting rightsEntitlement to elect officials
- social servicesPublic aid programs
citizenship status · registration requirements · census · demographic data · transmigration · population distribution · freedom of movement
Mass departure from countryside
- mechanizationConverting to machine operation
- farm laborAgricultural work or workers
- droughtProlonged water scarcity
- crop failureWhen fields yield nothing
rural poverty · sharecroppers · tenant farmers · subsistence farming · countryside · outmigration
relocation
Permanent change of residence
- resettlementReestablishing in new place
- evacuationRemoval from danger
- uprootingExtracting from the earth
mass movement · flight · exodus · depopulation · climate refugees · conflict zones · returnees · temporary shelter · landlessness · dispossession
labor mobility
Workforce geographic flexibility
- employment opportunitiesAvailable paid positions
- remittancesPayments sent abroad
- seasonal workJobs tied to cycles
labor market · livelihood · income disparity · cost of living · poverty alleviation · domestic work · recruitment agencies · contract labor · industrial hubs
urban growth
Expansion of cities
- slumsImpoverished, crowded districts
- peri-urbanArea bordering urban centers
- shantytownPoor area of crude shelters
urban sprawl · megacity · metropolitan · squatter settlements · urban poverty · housing shortage · overcrowding · satellite towns · boomtown · favelas
residency permits
Authorization to inhabit a country
- documentationWritten proof or instructions
- identity cardsOfficial proof of personhood
- voting rightsEntitlement to elect officials
social services · citizenship status · registration requirements · census · demographic data · transmigration · population distribution · freedom of movement
rural exodus
Mass departure from countryside
- mechanizationConverting to machine operation
- farm laborAgricultural work or workers
- droughtProlonged water scarcity
crop failure · rural poverty · sharecroppers · tenant farmers · subsistence farming · countryside · outmigration
internal migrationinternational migration
Movement across national borders
emigration · immigration · diaspora · asylum seeking · refugee flight
internal migrationsedentarism
Habitual physical inactivity
sedentariness · staying put · rootedness · settlement · permanent residence
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