countertrade

Goods-for-goods commerce

Countertrade is international commerce where goods or services are exchanged for other goods or services rather than currency.

Governments or companies use it to bypass foreign exchange shortages, trade restrictions, or currency instability: The deal involved countertrade—wheat for industrial equipment.

Forms include barter, offset agreements, and buyback arrangements.

mechanisms

buyback

Reacquiring previously sold shares

  • tollingSlow, solemn bell-ringing
  • swapExchange one for another
  • escrowConditional third-party deposit

protocol

reciprocity

quid-pro-quo

Exchange of equivalents

parity · balance · proportionality · bilateral

offset

co-production

Collaborative creation between parties

fulfillment · subcontracting

commodities

goods

Things for sale

armaments · pharmaceuticals · textiles

policy

protectionism

Shielding local producers

mercantilism · autarky

Opposites
payment mechanism

countertradecash sale

Purchase with immediate payment

cash payment · wire transfer · letter of credit

trade directness

countertradeopen market purchase

Family

trade, country, counter, barter, trader, trading, counterpart, counteract, bartered

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Used worldwide · Timeless · Abstract · Rated G