conservation laws
Physics symmetry principles
Conservation laws are principles in physics stating that certain quantities remain constant within an isolated system over time.
Energy, momentum, angular momentum, and electric charge are among the quantities that cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted: The conservation of energy explains why a pendulum swings back to nearly the same height.
These laws underpin everything from particle physics to engineering calculations.
Invariance under transformation
- invarianceQuality of staying unchanged
- closed systemsUnits without external exchange
- parityState of being equal
- reversibilityCan be undone
rotational symmetry · CPT symmetry · selection rules · commutation · observable · eigenvalue
Science of heat-energy relationships
- kinetic energyPower from movement
- potential energyWork available from position
- heatTransferred thermal energy
- workEffort toward a goal
enthalpy · entropy · joule · calorie · isothermal · mechanical energy · thermal equilibrium · calorimetry
Sudden urge to act
- collisionForceful contact between objects
- velocityDirected rate of motion
- recoilBackward force from discharge
- elastic collisionImpact conserving kinetic energy
linear momentum · angular momentum · center of mass · rocket propulsion · billiards · two-body problem · scattering
Capacity to endure indefinitely
- ecologyStudy of environmental relations
- biodiversityRange of life forms
- stewardshipResponsible care of entrusted things
- wildlife protectionPreserving wild animals, habitats
natural resources · endangered species · ecosystem balance · environmental law · national parks · marine reserves · forest management · species recovery
Weighted average of isotopes
- isotopeElemental variant by mass
- nuclear fusionAtoms joining, releasing power
- nuclear fissionAtomic core division
- particle physicsStudy of subatomic constituents
antimatter · annihilation · stoichiometry · chemical reaction · Lavoisier · mass balance
symmetry
Invariance under transformation
- invarianceQuality of staying unchanged
- closed systemsUnits without external exchange
- parityState of being equal
reversibility · rotational symmetry · CPT symmetry · selection rules · commutation · observable · eigenvalue
thermodynamics
Science of heat-energy relationships
- kinetic energyPower from movement
- potential energyWork available from position
- heatTransferred thermal energy
work · enthalpy · entropy · joule · calorie · isothermal · mechanical energy · thermal equilibrium · calorimetry · energy transfer
impulse
Sudden urge to act
- collisionForceful contact between objects
- velocityDirected rate of motion
- recoilBackward force from discharge
elastic collision · linear momentum · angular momentum · center of mass · rocket propulsion · billiards · two-body problem · scattering
sustainability
Capacity to endure indefinitely
- ecologyStudy of environmental relations
- biodiversityRange of life forms
- stewardshipResponsible care of entrusted things
wildlife protection · natural resources · endangered species · ecosystem balance · environmental law · national parks · marine reserves · forest management · species recovery · wetland protection
atomic mass
Weighted average of isotopes
- isotopeElemental variant by mass
- nuclear fusionAtoms joining, releasing power
- nuclear fissionAtomic core division
particle physics · antimatter · annihilation · stoichiometry · chemical reaction · Lavoisier · mass balance
- resource policyresource extraction, mining rights, drilling rights, grazing rights, water allocation
- physicsphysics, momentum, atom, acceleration, gravity
- California conservationwildlife corridors, wildlife refuges, marine reserves, state parks, coastal protection
- Environmental LawsClean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, Superfund, ESA
- Environmental Policyclimate policy, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, environmental regulation, emissions standards
- Progressive EraTheodore Roosevelt, progressivism, Woodrow Wilson, Teddy Roosevelt, trust busting
conservation lawsentropy
Quantified chaos in systems
second law of thermodynamics · dissipation · decay · irreversibility · heat death
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