Latin abbreviations
Academic text shortcuts
Latin abbreviations are shortened forms of Latin phrases used in English writing.
Common examples include *i.e.* (that is), *e.g.* (for example), *etc.* (and so forth), *et al.* (and others), *N.B.* (note well), and *viz.* (namely).
Academic and legal writing relies heavily on Latin abbreviations like *ibid.* (in the same place) and *cf.* (compare).
Most are followed by periods and set off by commas: The store sells citrus fruits, e.g., oranges and lemons.
- e.g.Introduces an illustration
- i.e.Clarifying abbreviation
- de factoReal though not official
- de jureBy right of law
- status quoExisting condition of affairs
cf. · et al. · ibid. · A.D. · anno Domini · N.B. · ex officio · B.C. · habeas corpus · prima facie · bona fide · sic · lb. · quid pro quo · per se · etc. · viz. · pro bono
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