viral envelope
Outer viral layer
A viral envelope is the outer membrane surrounding certain viruses, derived from the host cell's membrane when the virus buds out during replication.
This lipid layer contains viral proteins that help the virus attach to and enter new host cells.
Enveloped viruses like influenza and HIV are generally more susceptible to disinfectants than non-enveloped viruses because the envelope is fragile.
Sugar-bound cellular proteins
- phospholipidsLipids with phosphate groups
- membraneThin tissue sheet
- capsidViral genetic material's casing
- spike proteinsViral membrane projections enabling infection
cholesterol · virion · budding · assembly · envelopment · anchoring
Disease spread by contact
- spreadTo distribute widely
- sheddingLosing outer covering
- dropletTiny liquid sphere
- airborneTraveling through air
zoonotic · vector · carrier · exposure · contamination · incubation · infectivity · communicable
Cell engulfs external material
- tropismStimulus-directed movement
- internalizationAbsorbing ideas as one's own
- dockingConnecting to a port
glycoproteins
Sugar-bound cellular proteins
- phospholipidsLipids with phosphate groups
- membraneThin tissue sheet
- capsidViral genetic material's casing
spike proteins · cholesterol · virion · budding · assembly · envelopment · anchoring
contagion
Disease spread by contact
airborne · zoonotic · vector · carrier · exposure · contamination · incubation · infectivity · communicable
endocytosis
Cell engulfs external material
- tropismStimulus-directed movement
- internalizationAbsorbing ideas as one's own
- dockingConnecting to a port
epitope
Antibody binding region