t-distribution
Small-sample probability curve
The t-distribution is a probability distribution used in statistics when sample sizes are small or population variance is unknown.
It resembles the normal distribution but has heavier tails, meaning extreme values are more likely.
As sample size increases, the t-distribution approaches the normal distribution.
It underlies the t-test for comparing means: The results were significant at p < 0.05 using a two-tailed t-distribution.
Number of independent variables
- p-valueProbability under null hypothesis
- null hypothesisAssumed no relationship exists
- type I errorRejecting a true null
- type II errorFailing to reject falsity
Estimated bounds for population parameter
- standard errorStatistic's expected deviation measure
- population meanCentral tendency of all
- margin of errorAllowable deviation from truth
- t-scoreStandardized difference measure
Curving outward toward base
- symmetricEqual on both sides
- degrees of freedomNumber of independent variables
- peakUtmost height attained
- spreadTo distribute widely
tails · unimodal · continuous · convergence
Compares means among groups
- linear regressionStatistical straight-line fitting method
- A/B testingComparing two variants' performance
- clinical trialsControlled health research experiments
- quality controlMaintaining production standards
experimental design · social sciences · biostatistics · econometrics
degrees of freedom
Number of independent variables
- p-valueProbability under null hypothesis
- null hypothesisAssumed no relationship exists
- type I errorRejecting a true null
confidence interval
Estimated bounds for population parameter
- standard errorStatistic's expected deviation measure
- population meanCentral tendency of all
- margin of errorAllowable deviation from truth
bell-shaped
Curving outward toward base
- symmetricEqual on both sides
- degrees of freedomNumber of independent variables
- peakUtmost height attained
spread · tails · unimodal · continuous · convergence
ANOVA
Compares means among groups
- linear regressionStatistical straight-line fitting method
- A/B testingComparing two variants' performance
- clinical trialsControlled health research experiments
quality control · experimental design · social sciences · biostatistics · econometrics
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