shotcrete
Pneumatically applied cement
Shotcrete is concrete or morite sprayed at high velocity onto a surface, where it compacts and hardens.
The technique is used for tunnel linings, swimming pools, retaining walls, and structural repairs where conventional pouring would be impractical.
Workers applied shotcrete to stabilize the rock face.
Also called gunite, though that term technically refers to dry-mix application.
Flow-directing pipe fitting
- pneumaticUsing pressurized gas
- sprayingDispersing liquid as mist
- compressorPressure-increasing mechanical device
- projectionSomething that extends outward
velocity · jet · layering · coverage · nozzleman · rebound · accelerator · hose
Calcium powder binding agent
- aggregateCombined sum total
- sandFine rock particles
- admixtureAdded minor component
- acceleratorSpeed control mechanism
hydration · curing · workability · slump
Steel strengthening concrete
Digging underground passages
- culvertsTunnels for water flow
- domesVaulted rounded ceilings
- underpinningFoundational support beneath
- foundationsStructural bases below ground
shoring · excavation · spillways · tanks · silos · architectural · freeform
Ice forming and melting repeatedly
- abrasion-resistantUnharmed by rubbing
- waterproofImpervious to moisture
- weatheringAtmospheric breakdown of materials
- spallingSurface material fragmenting off
efflorescence · cracking · shrinkage · long-lasting · impermeability · carbonation
nozzle
Flow-directing pipe fitting
- pneumaticUsing pressurized gas
- sprayingDispersing liquid as mist
- compressorPressure-increasing mechanical device
projection · velocity · jet · layering · coverage · nozzleman · rebound · accelerator · hose · pump
cement
Calcium powder binding agent
accelerator · hydration · curing · workability · slump
rebar
Steel strengthening concrete
tunneling
Digging underground passages
- culvertsTunnels for water flow
- domesVaulted rounded ceilings
- underpinningFoundational support beneath
foundations · shoring · excavation · spillways · tanks · silos · architectural · freeform
freeze-thaw
Ice forming and melting repeatedly
- abrasion-resistantUnharmed by rubbing
- waterproofImpervious to moisture
- weatheringAtmospheric breakdown of materials
spalling · efflorescence · cracking · shrinkage · long-lasting · impermeability · carbonation