relative risk
Exposed versus unexposed
Relative risk compares the probability of an outcome between two groups—typically those exposed to something versus those not exposed.
A relative risk of 2 means the exposed group is twice as likely to experience the outcome; a relative risk of 0.5 means half as likely.
The relative risk of lung cancer among smokers is about 20 times that of nonsmokers.
Unlike absolute risk, relative risk doesn't tell you how common an outcome actually is—a doubled risk of something rare may still be rare.
Comparative numerical relation
- proportionComparative relation of parts
- probabilityQuantified chance of occurrence
- confidence intervalEstimated bounds for population parameter
- p-valueProbability under null hypothesis
sample size · statistical significance · variance · correlation · regression · calculation · quantify · metric
Group sharing circumstances
- incidenceRate of occurrence
- prevalenceState of being widespread
- exposureState of being unprotected
- confoundingCausing surprise or confusion
confidence interval · mortality rate · morbidity · population · prospective · retrospective · observational · longitudinal
State of being unprotected
- smokingInhaling burning tobacco
- obesityExcess body fat condition
- hypertensionChronic elevated arterial pressure
- cholesterolWaxy lipid in blood
diabetes · sedentary · diet · alcohol · genetics · age · family history · pollution
Chance something will occur
- protectiveServing to guard
- harmfulCausing damage or injury
- thresholdPoint of beginning
- elevatedRaised above usual level
ratio
Comparative numerical relation
- proportionComparative relation of parts
- probabilityQuantified chance of occurrence
- confidence intervalEstimated bounds for population parameter
p-value · sample size · statistical significance · variance · correlation · regression · calculation · quantify · metric · benchmark
cohort
Group sharing circumstances
- incidenceRate of occurrence
- prevalenceState of being widespread
- exposureState of being unprotected
confounding · confidence interval · mortality rate · morbidity · population · prospective · retrospective · observational · longitudinal · surveillance
exposure
State of being unprotected
- smokingInhaling burning tobacco
- obesityExcess body fat condition
- hypertensionChronic elevated arterial pressure
cholesterol · diabetes · sedentary · diet · alcohol · genetics · age · family history · pollution · stress
likelihood
Chance something will occur
- protectiveServing to guard
- harmfulCausing damage or injury
- thresholdPoint of beginning
elevated · reduced · baseline · control group
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