p-type

P-type describes a semiconductor material that has been doped to create an excess of positive charge carriers called holes.

In p-type silicon, atoms like boron replace some silicon atoms, leaving gaps in the electron structure that behave as positive charges moving through the material.

This contrasts with n-type semiconductors, which have excess negative electrons.

P-type and n-type materials joined together form the p-n junctions essential to diodes, transistors, and solar cells.