racial covenants
Segregationist property clauses
Racial covenants were clauses in property deeds that prohibited the sale or rental of real estate to people of certain races, ethnicities, or religions—most commonly Black Americans, but also Jews, Asians, and others.
Common in the United States from the early 1900s through the mid-20th century, they were a primary tool for enforcing residential segregation.
The Supreme Court ruled them unenforceable in 1948, though many remain in property records today.
The deed still contained a racial covenant from 1925.
- NAACPCivil rights advocacy organization
- redliningRefusing loans by neighborhood
- blockbustingScaring homeowners into selling
- segregationForced separation by group
- wealth gapEconomic inequality measure
property values · real estate agents · gentrification · Great Migration · property law · deed of sale · suburbanization · legal precedent · white flight · title search · housing markets · home ownership · housing policy · Jim Crow laws · sundown towns · deed restrictions · urban renewal · discriminatory practices
- Great MigrationGreat Migration, migration patterns, migration routes, chain migration, urban migration
- segregationresidential segregation, redlining, ghetto, ghettos, steering
- housingapartments, home, house, houses, homes
- Jim CrowJim Crow laws, separate but equal, segregation laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, whites only
- oppressionoppression, tyranny, repression, secret police, torture
racial covenantsopen housing
Discrimination-free property market
inclusionary zoning · housing integration · housing equality · public housing · zoning laws
racial covenantsracial integration
Unifying separated ethnic groups
civil rights legislation · anti-discrimination laws · equal protection · desegregation · integration
racial, covenants, race, races, raced, racing, racer, racers, racism