hydrogenations
Saturating with hydrogen
Hydrogenations are chemical reactions that add hydrogen to a compound, typically using a catalyst.
The process converts unsaturated fats to saturated ones in food manufacturing and is fundamental to petroleum refining and pharmaceutical synthesis.
Partial hydrogenations produce trans fats, now banned in many countries.
Making something smaller
- saturationState of complete permeation
- alkenesUnsaturated hydrocarbons with C=C
- double bondsTwo shared electron pairs
- triple bondsThree electron pairs shared
catalytic · asymmetric · homogeneous · heterogeneous · stereochemistry · chiral · substrate · functional groups
Reaction accelerators
- refineriesFacilities that purify raw materials
- petrochemicalProduct from crude processing
- reactorsControlled fission chambers
- ammoniaAcrid nitrogen-hydrogen gas
platinum · nickel · palladium · cracking · processing · chemical plants · pressure vessels · continuous flow
Vegetable oil spread
- shorteningReducing length or duration
- vegetable oilsLipids extracted from plants
- trans fatsChemically altered dietary lipids
- saturated fatsFully hydrogenated fatty acids
spreadable · shelf-stable · Crisco · palm oil · soybean oil · hardening · food processing · emulsification
Substances producing intended effect
- APISoftware communication standard
- intermediatesThings between endpoints
- KnowlesFamous singer's birth surname
- Nobel PrizeHighest academic honor
Parkinson's · menthol · purity · selectivity · precursors · GMP · quality control
reduction
Making something smaller
- saturationState of complete permeation
- alkenesUnsaturated hydrocarbons with C=C
- double bondsTwo shared electron pairs
triple bonds · catalytic · asymmetric · homogeneous · heterogeneous · stereochemistry · chiral · substrate · functional groups · unsaturated
catalysts
Reaction accelerators
- refineriesFacilities that purify raw materials
- petrochemicalProduct from crude processing
- reactorsControlled fission chambers
ammonia · platinum · nickel · palladium · cracking · processing · chemical plants · pressure vessels · continuous flow · batch processing
margarine
Vegetable oil spread
- shorteningReducing length or duration
- vegetable oilsLipids extracted from plants
- trans fatsChemically altered dietary lipids
saturated fats · spreadable · shelf-stable · Crisco · palm oil · soybean oil · hardening · food processing · emulsification · confectionery
active ingredients
Substances producing intended effect
- APISoftware communication standard
- intermediatesThings between endpoints
- KnowlesFamous singer's birth surname
Nobel Prize · Parkinson's · menthol · purity · selectivity · precursors · GMP · quality control