consonant gradation
Phoneme strength shifts
Consonant gradation is a sound pattern in certain languages where consonants alternate between stronger and weaker forms depending on grammatical context.
In Finnish, for example, the *p* in *kauppa* (shop) weakens to *v* in *kaupan* (of the shop).
The phenomenon appears most prominently in Finnic and Sami languages, affecting how words change across cases and conjugations.
Consonant sound prolongation
- assimilationAbsorbing into a whole
- voicingExpressing aloud
- phonemeMinimal distinctive sound unit
- allophoneNon-distinctive sound variation
alternation · nasalization · spirantization · weakening · strengthening · syllable structure · prosody · elision
Governing framework of thought
- declensionNoun form variation
- conjugationVerb form variation system
- suffixationAdding endings to words
- inflectionWord form alteration
root · morpheme · derivation · ablaut · syncretism · productive · automatic · qualitative
gemination
Consonant sound prolongation
- assimilationAbsorbing into a whole
- voicingExpressing aloud
- phonemeMinimal distinctive sound unit
allophone · alternation · nasalization · spirantization · weakening · strengthening · syllable structure · prosody · elision · metathesis
paradigm
Governing framework of thought
- declensionNoun form variation
- conjugationVerb form variation system
- suffixationAdding endings to words
inflection · root · morpheme · derivation · ablaut · syncretism · productive · automatic · qualitative · quantitative
geminate
Occurring in pairs
- Finnish languageagglutination
- Finnish grammarpartitive, nominative, genitive, accusative, illative
- sound changesassimilation, elision, deletion, voicing, nasalization
- grammardeclension, pronouns, adjectives, conjugation, nouns
- phoneticsphonemes, phoneme, vocal folds, vowels, vibration
- phonologyphonemes, phoneme, vowels, allophone, allophones
graduate, consonant, graduated, gradation, consonance, graduates, graduating, consonants, gradate