tetraploid
Doubled diploid genome
Tetraploid describes a cell or organism with four complete sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two.
Most animals and many plants are diploid, but tetraploidy occurs naturally in some species and can be induced artificially in plant breeding to create larger, hardier varieties: tetraploid wheat, tetraploid watermelons are often seedless.
Organized chromosome display
- chromosome doublingFull genome replication event
- genome duplicationCopying all chromosomes
- chromatidReplicated chromosome copy
- gameteHaploid reproductive cell
zygote · germ cells · meiosis · mitosis · cell division · endoreduplication · colchicine · unreduced gametes
Bred plant variety
- hybridThing of mixed parentage
- crossbreedingMating unlike organisms
- seedlessLacking inner kernels
- fertilityCapacity for reproduction
sterility · disease resistance · wheat · cotton · potato · banana · watermelon · strawberry
Formation of distinct species
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
- dosage compensationEqualizing sex chromosome expression
karyotype
Organized chromosome display
- chromosome doublingFull genome replication event
- genome duplicationCopying all chromosomes
- chromatidReplicated chromosome copy
gamete · zygote · germ cells · meiosis · mitosis · cell division · endoreduplication · colchicine · unreduced gametes
cultivar
Bred plant variety
- hybridThing of mixed parentage
- crossbreedingMating unlike organisms
- seedlessLacking inner kernels
fertility · sterility · disease resistance · wheat · cotton · potato · banana · watermelon · strawberry · coffee
speciation
Formation of distinct species
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
- dosage compensationEqualizing sex chromosome expression
stress tolerance
Capacity to endure pressure
- biomassLiving material in aggregate