testa

Kernel's outer armor

Testa is the outer protective covering of a seed—the seed coat.

It develops from the integuments of the ovule after fertilization and shields the embryo within.

The term appears in botany and biology: The testa of a bean seed is tough and water-resistant.

Some testas are thin and papery, others hard as shells.

botany

seedcoat

Outer embryo casing

hilum · pericarp · germination · dormancy · radicle · plumule · viability · ovule · dispersal · propagation

cranial

skull

Head's bone casing

calvaria · braincase · fontanelle · sutures · occiput · parietal · temporal · sphenoid · ethmoid · frontal

Opposites
seed structure position

testaembryo

Organism before birth

kernel · cotyledon · endosperm · radicle · plumule

Family

testate, testacy

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Used worldwide · Timeless · Concrete · Rated G