grid north
Chart's vertical reference
Grid north is the direction of north as shown on a map's grid lines, which run parallel to a central meridian.
Unlike true north (toward the geographic North Pole) or magnetic north (where a compass points), grid north is a cartographic convention that simplifies navigation across flat maps.
The difference between grid north and true north varies by location on the map.
- northingMovement toward the pole
- magnetic declinationCompass-to-true-north angular difference
- graticuleOptical measuring grid
- magnetic variationCompass-to-true north angle
- directionWay something faces
bearing angle · map projection · navigation · magnetic pole · orientation · surveying · triangulation · longitude lines · latitude lines · georeferencing · topographic map · angle measurement · map reading · easting · UTM · coordinate system · cartography · coordinate systems