et al
Plus unnamed rest
Et al is a Latin abbreviation meaning "and others," used after the first name in a list to indicate additional people: The study by Johnson et al found similar results.
It appears most often in academic citations and legal documents when listing all authors or parties would be cumbersome.
The full phrase is et alii (masculine), et aliae (feminine), or et alia (neuter), but the abbreviated form dominates in English.
- idemSame as before, Latin
- LatinAncient Roman language
- ibid."In the same place"
- bibliographyList of cited works
- abbreviationShortened word form
cf. · citation · co-authors · brevity · multiple authors · footnote · viz. · in-text citation · court filing · Supreme Court · publication · academic integrity · law review · legal precedent · research paper · credited · academic writing · journal article
- Latin Termsa priori, ab initio, ad hoc, ad lib, bona fide
- Latin Wordsad, ad nauseam, et, caveat emptor, affidavit
- citationscitation, citations, cite, cited, citation style
- Latin Abbreviationse.g., i.e., etc, ibid, viz
- Legal Latinab initio, bona fide, caveat emptor, certiorari, de facto
- academiaprofessors, universities, graduation cap, biology department, professor
et alalone
Without others present
solo · by oneself · unassisted · unaccompanied · individually