dynamic equivalence

Dynamic equivalence is a translation philosophy that prioritizes conveying the meaning and effect of the original text over literal word-for-word correspondence.

A dynamically equivalent translation asks what the original meant to its first audience and tries to produce the same response in modern readers: The translation uses dynamic equivalence to render ancient idioms in contemporary language.

The approach is most discussed in Bible translation, where it contrasts with formal equivalence (literal translation).

Critics argue it introduces interpretation; proponents say all translation does.